Editing Gamera (section)

==Other media==
===Home media===
In 2003, [[Alpha Video]] released the American versions of four Shōwa films on [[pan and scan]] DVDs: ''Gammera the Invincible'',{{sfn|Bolton|Csicsery-Ronay Jr.|Tatsumi|2007|p=22}}{{sfn|Goldweber|2015|p=730}} ''Gamera vs. Barugon'' (as ''War of the Monsters''),<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/War-Monsters-Kojiro-Hongo/dp/B000098ZSK/|title=War of the Monsters DVD|website=[[Amazon.com]]|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> ''Gamera vs. Viras'' (as ''Destroy All Planets'')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Destroy-All-Planets-Kôjirô-Hongô/dp/B00009NHAN|title=Destroy All Planets DVD|website=[[Amazon.com]]|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref> and ''Gamera vs. Guiron'' (as ''Attack of the Monsters'').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Attack-Monsters-Nobuhiro-Kajima/dp/B0000D1FG2/|title=Attack of the Monsters DVD|website=[[Amazon.com]]|access-date=16 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2010, [[Shout! Factory]] acquired the rights from Kadokawa Pictures for all eight of the Showa ''Gamera'' films in order to release the uncut Japanese versions on DVD for the first time ever in North America. These "Special Edition" DVDs were released in sequential order, starting with ''[[Gamera, the Giant Monster]]'' on 18 May 2010, followed by ''[[Gamera vs. Barugon]]'' and two double features: ''[[Gamera vs. Gyaos]]'' with ''[[Gamera vs. Viras]]'', and ''[[Gamera vs. Guiron]]'' with ''[[Gamera vs. Jiger]]''. On 15 March 2011, Shout! Factory released the last two films of the Showa series in a double feature of ''[[Gamera vs. Zigra]]'' with ''[[Gamera: Super Monster]]''. Shout! Factory later released ''MST3K vs. Gamera'', a special 21st volume of ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' containing the episodes featuring all five ''Gamera'' movies from the show's third season.

On 29 April 2014, Mill Creek Entertainment released the eight Showa ''Gamera'' films (1965–1980) on Blu-ray in two volumes, ''Gamera: The Ultimate Collection Volume 1'' and ''Gamera: The Ultimate Collection Volume 2'', featuring the original widescreen video and original Japanese audio only with English subtitles, and also the first 11 films (1965–1999) on DVD again as ''The Gamera Legacy Collection: 1965 - 1999'', also featuring the original widescreen video and original Japanese audio only with English subtitles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2014/02/24/new-gamera-blu-ray-and-dvd-sets-from-mill-creek-in-april/|title=New Gamera Blu-ray and DVD Sets from Mill Creek in April|date=24 February 2014|website=[[SciFi Japan TV|SciFi Japan]] |access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> The Heisei trilogy was re-released on Blu-ray earlier from Mill Creek Entertainment on 27 September 2011, once again featuring the original widescreen video and original Japanese audio only with English subtitles.

On 17 August 2020, [[Arrow Films#Arrow Video|Arrow Video]] released a Blu-ray box set titled ''Gamera: The Complete Collection''. The set features the original Japanese cuts for all 12 films, with English audio options; the Blu-ray debut of ''Gammera the Invincible'' and ''War of the Monsters''; digital HD transfers and 4K restorations of the Heisei trilogy; case artwork by Matt Frank; audio commentaries by August Ragone, David Kalat, Steve Ryfle, Ed Godziszewski, Sean Rhoads, and Brooke McCorkle; a full color hardcover reprint of Dark Horse Comics' four-issue comic book miniseries ''Gamera the Guardian of the Universe''; the English-language printing debut of the comic book story ''Gamera: The Last Hope'' by Matt Frank and Joshua Bugosh, which was originally published as a [[fan fiction]];<ref name=Frank /> and an 80-page book featuring a retrospective on the series by Patrick Macias with illustrations by Jolyon Yates.<ref name="Gamera Arrow Set">{{cite web|url=https://www.scifijapan.com/dvd-blu-ray-digital/gamera-the-complete-collection-limited-edition-blu-ray-set-coming-from-arrow-video|title=Gamera: The Complete Collection – Limited Edition Blu-ray Set Coming From Arrow Video|work=[[SciFi Japan TV|SciFi Japan]] |date=21 February 2020|access-date=22 February 2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223014100/http://www.scifijapan.com/articles/2020/02/21/gamera-the-complete-collection-limited-edition-blu-ray-set-coming-from-arrow-video/|archive-date=23 February 2020}}</ref>

===Comics===
[[File:Gameracomic.jpg|thumb|130px|The first issue of the comic book miniseries ''Gamera the Guardian of the Universe'' by Dark Horse Comics]]
Aside from movie and anime based [[manga]], there have been supplemental manga productions to expand lore of film and anime productions, such as ''Giant Monster Gamera'' (1994),<ref name=MangaBoys /> ''[[Gamera 2: Attack of Legion]] '' (1996) by [[Takashi Teshirogi]],<ref name=Perfection /> ''Gamera Side Story: Version 2.5'' (1999),<ref name=Perfection /> ''Gamera vs. Morphos'' (1999), ''Gamera vs. Barugon: Comic Version'' ([[:ja:大怪獣激闘 ガメラ対バルゴン COMIC VERSION|jp]]) (2003), ''Gamera 2006: Hard Link'' (2006),<ref name=HardLink /> and ''Gamera Rebirth Code Thyrsos'' (2023).<ref>BOOK WALKER, [https://global.bookwalker.jp/de6145271e-82a4-451f-b139-c421ad23ea32/ GAMERA-Rebirth- code thyrsos　Chapter 1], Kadokawa</ref>

[[Dark Horse Comics]] published a four-issue miniseries based on Gamera called ''Gamera the Guardian of the Universe'' in 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comics.org/series/15986/covers/|title=GCD :: Covers :: Gamera|publisher=Grand Comics Database|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> The miniseries features Gamera, Gyaos, Zigra, and Viras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/96-436/Gamera-1-of-4|title=Gamera #1 (of 4)|website=DarkHorse.com|publisher=Dark Horse Comics, Inc.|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/96-440/Gamera-2-of-4|title=Gamera #2 (of 4)|website=DarkHorse.com|publisher=Dark Horse Comics, Inc.|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/96-444/Gamera-3-of-4|title=Gamera #3 (of 4)|website=DarkHorse.com|publisher=Dark Horse Comics, Inc.|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/96-448/Gamera-4-of-4|title=Gamera #4 (of 4)|website=DarkHorse.com|publisher=Dark Horse Comics, Inc.|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> The [[manga]] series ''[[Dr. Slump]]'', written and illustrated by [[Akira Toriyama]], depicts Gamera as appearing in the land of Penguin Village.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Jason|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/house-of-1000-manga/2013-10-17|title=Jason Thompson's House of 1000 Manga - Dr. Slump|date=17 October 2013|website=Anime News Network|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Gajira "Gatchan" Norimaki's name is also a reference to Gamera.<ref name=Gatchan /> In the manga series ''[[Dragon Ball (manga)|Dragon Ball]]'', also by Toriyama, a flying turtle which resembles a smaller version of Gamera is summoned by [[Master Roshi]] to carry him to Fire Mountain.{{sfn|Padula|2015|p=224–225}} There are references to Gamera in chapters of the manga series ''[[Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen-mae Hashutsujo]]'', written and illustrated by [[Osamu Akimoto]], and ''[[Kinnikuman]]'', created by [[Yudetamago]]. These chapters appear in ''Gamera: Super Monster'', the eighth film in the franchise.<ref name=Dent>{{cite web|last=Dent|first=Mike|url=https://www.otakuusamagazine.com/gamera-the-super-monster/|title=Gamera: The Super Monster|date=22 March 2010|work=Otaku USA|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref>

===Novels===
Aside from film and anime based novelizations, Gamera and [[Daimajin]] and enemy monsters made appearances in several exoteric novels, such as the one by [[Shinichiro Inoue]] ([[:ja:井上伸一郎|jp]]),<ref name="HolyBeast" /> the spin-off novelization of ''[[The Great Yokai War: Guardians]]'',<ref name=Minemori /> the ''USO Makoto Yōkai Hyaku Monogatari'' series by [[Natsuhiko Kyogoku]],<ref name=Kyogoku /> and several others.<ref name=Noma /><ref name=Jodo />

===Television===
The first, local TV season of ''[[Mystery Science Theater 3000]]'' includes five episodes which each feature a film from the ''Gamera'' franchise's Shōwa period: ''Gamera, the Giant Monster'', ''Gamera vs. Barugon'', ''Gamera vs. Gyaos'', ''Gamera vs. Guiron'', and ''Gamera vs. Zigra''. The same five films were re-used in the show's third national season.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brunson|first=Matt|url=https://screenrant.com/mystery-science-theater-3000-best-classic-episodes-netflix-revival/|title=Mystery Science Theater 3000's Best Episodes|date=21 April 2017|website=ScreenRant|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jasper|first=Gavin|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/comedy/281408/mst3k-giant-monster-movies-mystery-science-theater-3000|title=MST3K: A Guide to the Giant Monster Movies of Mystery Science Theater 3000|date=31 May 2019|website=Den of Geek|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> The thirteenth season of the show also contains an episode that features ''Gamera vs. Jiger''. In a similar manner to events depicted in the manga series upon which it was based, the [[anime]] television series ''[[Dragon Ball (TV series)|Dragon Ball]]'' features a creature known as Baby Gamera, a flying turtle resembling a miniature version of Gamera which transports Master Roshi to Fire Mountain.<ref>{{cite web|last=Baird|first=Scott|url=https://screenrant.com/dragon-ball-z-crossovers/|title=15 Times Dragon Ball Z Crossed Over With Other Series|date=8 March 2017|website=ScreenRant|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Baird|first=Scott|url=https://www.thegamer.com/dragon-ball-shocking-things-you-didnt-know-about-master-roshi/|title=Dragon Ball: 20 Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Master Roshi|date=30 November 2017|website=TheGamer.com|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Gamera was parodied in the ''[[South Park]]'' episode "[[Mecha-Streisand]]",<ref>{{cite web|last1=Longo|first1=Chris|last2=Crow|first2=David|last3=Kurland|first3=Daniel|last4=Harley|first4=Nick|last5=Matar|first5=Joe|url=https://www.denofgeek.com/us/tv/south-park/239378/the-complete-guide-to-south-park-movie-parodies-and-references|title=The Complete Guide to South Park Movie Parodies and References|date=15 April 2019|website=Den of Geek|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> and was featured in the ''[[The Simpsons|Simpsons]]'' episode "[[Thirty Minutes Over Tokyo]]".<ref>{{cite web|last=Plumb|first=Alastair|url=https://www.empireonline.com/movies/features/godzilla-references-pop-culture/|title=From The Simpsons To Shrek 2: A History Of Godzilla In Pop Culture|date=14 May 2014|work=Empire Online|access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref>

An anime series, titled ''[[Gamera Rebirth]]'', was released on [[Netflix]] in 2023.<ref name="November Rebirth"/><ref name="Variety 3-24-23">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/netflix-anime-ooku-the-inner-chambers-1235564658/|title=Netflix Announces Series 'Ooku: The Inner Chambers' at Anime Japan Event|first=Patrick|last=Frater|work=Variety|date=24 March 2023|access-date=25 March 2023|url-status=live|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325150940/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/netflix-anime-ooku-the-inner-chambers-1235564658/}}</ref>

As aforementioned, Gamera repeatedly appeared in the ''Sailor Fight'' series ([[:ja:セーラーファイト!|jp]]) in 1995 and 1996 most notably the ''Gamera vs. Sailor Fighter'' and ''Cosplay Warrior Cutie Knight''.<ref name=HurricaneRyu />

Gamera made several appearances in [[television advertisement]]s; one by [[Calbee]] in 1989, and another by [[Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group]] in which he co-appeared with [[Maki Horikita]] and others, and it was produced by Shinichi Wakasa ([[:ja:若狭新一|jp]]) and his Monsters ([[:ja:モンスターズ (製作会社)|jp]]) and Jun Kawanishi ([[:ja:川西純|jp]]). [[Akira Ohashi]] again played Gamera for the latter.<ref name=Perfection /><ref>[[Akira Ohashi]]. 22 February 2016, [https://x.com/As70HmOoM77vhBv/status/701675835153993728 僕が今のところ最後に演じたガメラはCM「三井住友海上GKガメラ篇」(2010年)です。懐かしです。], Twitter (X)</ref>

===Video games===
Gamera appeared in several video games released in 1995, including ''Gamera: Daikaiju Kuchu Kessen'' for the [[Game Boy]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Shaffer|first=Joseph|url=http://www.honestgamers.com/12451/game-boy/gamera-daikaijuu-kuuchuu-kessen/review.html|title=Gamera: Daikaijuu Kuuchuu Kessen (Game Boy) review|date=11 January 2015|website=HonestGamers.com|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> ''Gamera: Gyaosu Gekimetsu Sakusen'' for the [[Super Famicom]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfgeneration.com/cgi-bin/getinfo.pl?ID=J-044-S-06840-A|title=RF Generation: Gamera: Gyaos Gekinetsu Sakusen (Nintendo Super Famicom)|date=6 September 2012|website=RF Generation|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref> and ''Gamera: The Time Adventure'' for the [[Bandai Playdia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rfgeneration.com/cgi-bin/getinfo.pl?ID=J-098-S-00250-A|title=RF Generation: Gamera: The Time Adventure|date=3 October 2011|website=RF Generation|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref> In 1997, ''[[Gamera 2000]]'' was released exclusively in Japan for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Fielder|first=Joe|title=Gamera 2000 (Import) Review|url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/gamera-2000-import-review/1900-2547683/|date=19 June 1997|website=GameSpot|access-date=17 July 2019}}</ref> In 2017, Gamera appeared in the video game ''[[City Shrouded in Shadow]]'', released for the [[PlayStation 4]], alongside such characters as [[Legion (kaiju)|Legion]] ([[:ja:レギオン (架空の怪獣)|jp]]), [[Godzilla]], [[Ultraman (character)|Ultraman]], and [[Evangelion (mecha)|Evangelion Unit-01]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Romano|first=Sal|url=https://gematsu.com/2017/05/city-shrouded-shadow-now-ps4-launches-fall-japan|title=City Shrouded in Shadow now PS4-only, launches this fall in Japan [Update 3]|date=30 May 2017|website=Gematsu|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gelmini|first=David|url=https://www.dreadcentral.com/news/231802/gamera-king-ghidorah-officially-join-godzilla-city-shrouded-shadow/|title=Gamera and King Ghidorah Officially Join Godzilla in City Shrouded in Shadow|date=1 June 2017|website=Dread Central|access-date=18 July 2019}}</ref>

Additional collaborations have been made with ''[[SimTower|The Tower II]]'',<ref>[https://www.amazon.co.jp/The-Tower-II-%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A9%E3%83%91%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF/dp/B005VCJV1G The Tower II スペシャルガメラパック]</ref> ''Monster Gear'',<ref>[[4Gamer.net]], 20 November 2015, [https://www.4gamer.net/games/300/G030021/20151120108/ 「モンスターギア」，特撮映画「ガメラ」とのコラボイベントが本日スタート。コラボクエストクリアでギロンやギャオスのギア獲得のチャンス]</ref> ''[[Symphogear|Symphogear XD Unlimited]]'',<ref>[[4Gamer.net]], 8 November 2021, [https://www.4gamer.net/games/356/G035645/20211108005/ 「シンフォギアXD」×「ガメラ」のコラボイベントが復刻開催]</ref> ''Godzilla Battle Line'',<ref name=ScifiJapan /> and so on.