Editing Euroscepticism (section)

===Italy===
{{Redirect|Italexit|the political party with this name|Italexit (political party)}}
The [[Five Star Movement]] (M5S), an [[anti-establishment]] movement founded by comedian [[Beppe Grillo]], originally set itself out as a Eurosceptic party. The M5S received 25.5% of vote in the [[2013 Italian general election|2013 general election]], becoming the largest anti-establishment and Eurosceptic party in Europe. The party used to advocate a non-binding referendum on the withdrawal of Italy from the [[Eurozone]] (but not from the European Union) and the return to the [[Italian lira|lira]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/politica/13_maggio_23/grillo-euro-referendum_9fe952ea-c39b-11e2-8072-09f5b2e9767e.shtml |title=Grillo: «Referendum sull'euro entro un anno |work=Corriere della Sera |access-date=28 January 2015|date=23 May 2013 }}</ref> Since then, the party has toned down its eurosceptic rhetoric<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/03/06/italys-radical-new-leaders-denounce-eu-brexit-strategy-foolish/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2018/03/06/italys-radical-new-leaders-denounce-eu-brexit-strategy-foolish/ |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live
|newspaper= The Telegraph |first=Ambrose |last=Evans-Pritchard |date=9 January 2018 |title= Italy's new radicals denounce EU Brexit strategy as foolish dogma}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and such policy was rejected in 2018,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.iltempo.it/politica/2018/01/09/news/di-maio-fa-dietrofront-non-e-piu-il-momento-di-uscire-dall-euro-1043904/|title=Di Maio fa dietrofront: "Non è più il momento di uscire dall'euro"|newspaper=Il Tempo|date=9 January 2018}}</ref> and the M5S's leader has since stated that the "European Union is the Five Star Movement's home", clarifying that the party wants Italy to stay in the EU, even though it remains critical of some of its treaties.<ref>{{cite news|last=Salvatori|first=Pietro|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/2018/02/06/luigi-di-maio-rottama-la-politica-estera-a-5-stelle_a_23354144/|title=Luigi Di Maio torna a casa Europa e rottama la politica estera a 5 stelle|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=6 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date= 25 September 2017 |title= New Five Star Movement leader: 'We want to stay in the EU' |url= https://www.thelocal.it/20170925/new-five-star-movement-leader-says-the-party-wants-italy-to-stay-in-eu |work= The Local (Italy edition)  |access-date= 30 December 2019}}</ref> The M5S's popular support is distributed all across Italy: in the [[2018 Italian general election|2018 general election]] the party won 32.7% of the popular vote nationwide, and was particularly successful in [[Central Italy|central]] and [[southern Italy]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Populists vie for power after Italy vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43272700 |access-date=31 December 2019 |date=5 March 2018}}</ref>

A party that retains a Eurosceptic identity is the [[Lega Nord|Northern League]] (LN), a [[regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] movement led by [[Matteo Salvini]] favouring Italy's exit from the Eurozone and the re-introduction of the lira. When in government, Lega approved the [[Treaty of Lisbon]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Maurizio |last=Caprara |title= Passa all'unanimità il Trattato europeo |url= http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/luglio/24/Passa_all_unanimita_Trattato_europeo_co_9_080724090.shtml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722032012/http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2008/luglio/24/Passa_all_unanimita_Trattato_europeo_co_9_080724090.shtml |archive-date= 22 July 2011 |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |location=Milan |date=24 July 2008}}</ref> The party won 6.2% of the vote in the [[2014 European Parliament election in Italy|2014 European Parliament elections]], but two of its leading members are presidents of [[Lombardy]] and [[Veneto]] (where Lega gained 40.9% of the vote in [[2015 Venetian regional election|2015]]).

[[File:No Euro Day, Milano 23 nov 2013 22 (cropped).JPG|350px|thumb|[[Matteo Salvini]] with the Eurosceptic economists [[Claudio Borghi Aquilini]], [[Alberto Bagnai]] and [[Antonio Maria Rinaldi]] during the ''No Euro Day'' in Milan, 2013. All economists were later elected MPs in different assemblies]]

In the [[2014 European Parliament election in Italy|2014 European Parliament election]] the Five Star Movement came second, with 17 seats and 21.2% of the vote after contesting EP seats for the first time. Northern League had five seats and [[The Other Europe|The Other Europe with Tsipras]] had three seats.

Other minor Eurosceptic organizations include right-wing political parties (e.g., [[Brothers of Italy]],<ref>{{cite news|date=2 June 2017|title=The small political parties that risk obliteration under Italy's new electoral law|url=https://www.thelocal.it/20170602/the-small-political-parties-at-risk-under-italys-new-electoral-law|work=[[The Local]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref> [[Tricolour Flame]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiammatricolore.com/chi-siamo/programma/|title=Programma del Movimento La Fiamma Tricolore|publisher=[[Tricolour Flame]]|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=Programme of the Movement Tricolour Flame|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816192910/http://www.fiammatricolore.com/chi-siamo/programma/|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=usurped}}</ref> [[New Force (Italy)|New Force]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ordinefuturo.net/2016/09/28/la-nuova-europa-sorge-a-est-intervista-a-roberto-fiore/|title=Intervista a Roberto Fiore|last=Durantini|first=Ermanno|date=28 September 2016|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=Interview with Roberto Fiore|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816222721/http://ordinefuturo.net/2016/09/28/la-nuova-europa-sorge-a-est-intervista-a-roberto-fiore/|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[National Front (Italy, 1997)|National Front]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frontenazionale.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=782:solidarieta-ed-unione-europea&catid=47&Itemid=790|title=Solidarietà ed Unione Europea|date=21 January 2017|publisher=[[National Front (Italy, 1997)|National Front]]|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=Solidarity and the European Unione}}</ref> [[CasaPound]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.casapounditalia.org/2014/03/intervista-simone-di-stefano-sullunione.html|title=Intervista a Simone Di Stefano sull'Unione europea|publisher=[[CasaPound]]|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=Interview with Simone Di Stefano on [[European Union]]|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232644/http://www.casapounditalia.org/2014/03/intervista-simone-di-stefano-sullunione.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[National Movement for Sovereignty]], the [[No Euro Movement]]), far-left political parties (e.g., the [[Communist Party (Italy)|Communist Party]] of [[Marco Rizzo]],<ref>{{YouTube|id=BeHALk8Irfc|title=''Marco Rizzo rips a copy of the Treaty of Rome (in Italian)''}}</ref> the [[Italian Communist Party (2016)|Italian Communist Party]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilpartitocomunistaitaliano.it/2017/03/20/il-pci-alla-manifestazione-del-25-marzo-contro-lue-e-la-nato/|title=Il PCI alla manifestazione del 25 Marzo contro l'UE e la NATO|date=20 March 2017|publisher=[[Italian Communist Party (2016)|Italian Communist Party]]|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816234212/https://www.ilpartitocomunistaitaliano.it/2017/03/20/il-pci-alla-manifestazione-del-25-marzo-contro-lue-e-la-nato/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the political movement [[Power to the People (Italy)|Power to the People]]) and other political movements (e.g., the Sovereignist Front,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.riconquistarelasovranita.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Documenti-ufficiali-FSI-1.pdf|title=Atto costitutivo e statuto|publisher= Sovereignist Front|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it}}</ref> [[Modern Monetary Theory|MMT]] Italy<ref>{{cite web|url=http://memmt.info/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/paper01_unione_europea.pdf|title=L'Unione europea|publisher=[[Modern Monetary Theory|MMT]] Italy|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=The European Union|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816192921/http://memmt.info/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/paper01_unione_europea.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>). In addition, the European Union is criticized (especially for the [[austerity]] and the creation of the [[euro]]) by some left-wing thinkers, like the [[trade unionist]] Giorgio Cremaschi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.it/giorgio-cremaschi/il-fallimento-delleuro_b_2905813.html|title=Il fallimento dell'euro|last=Cremaschi|first=Giorgio|date=20 March 2013|access-date=16 August 2017|language=it|trans-title=The failure of the euro}}</ref> and the journalist [[Paolo Barnard]],<ref>{{YouTube|id=L42p1C2Mm2o|title=''Paolo Barnard: "Italexit, now!" (in Italian)''}}</ref> and some [[academic]]s, such as [[Alberto Bagnai]]<ref>{{cite news|date=16 March 2017|title=Will Italy be next to reverse out of the EU|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/will-italy-be-next-to-reverse-out-of-the-eu-1.3013345|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/eu-elections/123906|title=Anti-euro talk spreads in Italy|last=Armellini|first=Alvise|date=24 April 2015|publisher=[[EUobserver]]|access-date=16 August 2017}}</ref>  the philosopher [[Diego Fusaro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beppegrillo.it/en/2015/08/passaparola_euromaniacs_the_re.html|title=Passaparola – Euromaniacs? The real buzz is to say no, by Diego Fusaro|publisher=Beppe Grillo' Blog|access-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193635/http://www.beppegrillo.it/en/2015/08/passaparola_euromaniacs_the_re.html|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to the Standard [[Eurobarometer]] 87 conducted by the [[European Commission]] in spring 2017, 48% of Italians tend not to trust the [[European Union]] compared to 36% of Italians who do.<ref name="eurobarometer87">{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/Survey/getSurveyDetail/instruments/STANDARD/yearFrom/1974/surveyKy/2142|title=Standard Eurobarometer 87|publisher=[[European Commission]]|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref>

In the [[2019 European Parliament election in Italy|2019 European election]], the Italian Eurosceptic and [[souverainism|souverainist]] right-wing, represented in large part by the League, increased its number of seats in the EP, but was not assigned any presidency in the [[committees of the European Parliament]].<ref>{{cite web|language=it|title=Ai sovranisti nessuna Commissione del Parlamento europeo |trans-title=No committees of European Parliament to souverainists)|date=10 July 2019|website=lettera43|access-date=15 August 2019|url=https://www.lettera43.it/parlamento-europeo-commissioni-sovranisti-presidenza/?refresh_ce}}</ref> Despite its national political alliance with the League during the [[Conte I Cabinet|Conte Cabinet]], the [[Five Star Movement]] voted for [[Ursula von der Leyen]], member of pro-EU [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]], as [[President of the European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/von-der-leyen-vote-may-trigger-snap-elections-in-italy/|title=Von der Leyen vote may trigger snap elections in Italy|date=18 July 2019|access-date=15 August 2019|website=[[Euractiv]]}}</ref>

In July 2020, senator [[Gianluigi Paragone]] formed [[Italexit (political party)|Italexit]], a new political party with a main goal to withdraw Italy from the European Union.<ref>{{cite web | last1=Amante | first1=Angelo | title=Italexit! Popular senator launches party to take Italy out of EU | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-politics-italexit/italexit-popular-senator-launches-party-to-take-italy-out-of-eu-idUSKCN24M1N8 | date=21 July 2020 | work=[[Reuters]] | access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref>