Editing Emergency medicine (section)

===United States===

Most programs are three years in duration, but some programs are four years long. There are several combined residencies offered with other programs, including [[family medicine]], [[internal medicine]] and [[Pediatrics|paediatrics]]. The US is well known for its excellence in emergency medicine residency programs, leading to some controversy about specialty certification.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.01.001 |pmid=25215031 |pmc=4129827 |title=Emergency medicine in the United States: A systemic review |journal=World Journal of Emergency Medicine |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=5–10 |year=2012 |last1=Suter |first1=Robert E}}</ref>

There are three ways to become [[board certification|board-certified]] in emergency medicine:
* The [[American Board of Emergency Medicine]] (ABEM) is for those with either [[Doctor of Medicine]] (MD) or [[Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine]] (DO) degrees. The ABEM is under the authority of the [[American Board of Medical Specialties]].
* The [[American Osteopathic Board of Emergency Medicine]] (AOBEM) certifies only emergency physicians with a DO degree. It is under the authority of the [[American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists]].
*  The [[Board of Certification in Emergency Medicine]] (BCEM) grants board certification in emergency medicine to physicians who have not completed an emergency medicine residency but have completed a residency in other fields (internists, family practitioners, paediatricians, general surgeons, and anesthesiologists). The BCEM is under the authority of the [[American Board of Physician Specialties]].

Several ABMS fellowships are available for emergency medicine graduates, including pre-hospital medicine ([[emergency medical services]]), international medicine, advanced resuscitation, hospice and palliative care, research, undersea and hyperbaric medicine, sports medicine, pain medicine, ultrasound, pediatric emergency medicine, disaster medicine, wilderness medicine, toxicology, and critical care medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Subspecialty Certification|url=http://www.abem.org/PUBLIC/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__en-US/tabID__3335/DesktopDefault.aspx|publisher=ABEM|access-date=29 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906084307/http://www.abem.org/PUBLIC/portal/alias__Rainbow/lang__en-US/tabID__3335/DesktopDefault.aspx|archive-date=6 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In recent years, workforce data has led to a recognition of the need for additional training for primary care physicians who provide emergency care.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1370/afm.1209 |pmid=21060129 |pmc=2975696 |title=Family Physicians in Emergency Medicine: New Opportunities and Critical Challenges |journal=The Annals of Family Medicine |volume=8 |issue=6 |pages=564–5 |year=2010 |last1=Gerard |first1=W. A. |last2=Staffer |first2=A. |last3=Bullock |first3=K. |last4=Pugno |first4=P.}}</ref> It has led to several supplemental training programs in first-hour emergency care and a few fellowships for family physicians in emergency medicine.,<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/01.EEM.0000361892.01557.a0 |title=CALS Training Provides Solution to Emergency Provider Shortages |journal=Emergency Medicine News |volume=31 |pages=1 |year=2009 |last1=Carter |first1=Darrell |s2cid=76410689|doi-access=free }}</ref> and few fellowships for family physicians in emergency medicine.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of Family Medicine Emergency Medicine Fellowship|url=http://gsm.utmck.edu/family_medicine/emergencymedicine/main.cfm|website=University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine|access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>

====Funding for training====

"In 2010, there were 157 allopathic and 37 osteopathic emergency medicine residency programs, which collectively accept about 2,000 new residents each year. Studies have shown that attending emergency physician supervision of residents correlates to higher quality and more cost-effective practice, primarily when an emergency medicine residency exists."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aaem.org/about-aaem/aaem-history|title=American Academy of Emergency Medicine|website=AAEM – American Academy of Emergency Medicine|access-date=15 October 2018|archive-date=20 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320013013/http://www.aaem.org/about-aaem/aaem-history|url-status=dead}}</ref> Medical education is primarily funded through the Medicare program;<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1197/j.aem.2004.04.003 |pmid=15231465 |title=Financing of Emergency Medicine Graduate Medical Education Programs in an Era of Declining Medicare Reimbursement and Support |journal=Academic Emergency Medicine |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=756–9 |year=2004 |last1=Baumann |first1=Michael R. |last2=Vadeboncoeur |first2=Tyler F. |last3=Schafermeyer |first3=Robert W. |doi-access=free}}</ref> payments are given to hospitals for each resident.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shi |first1=L |last2=Singh |first2=D |title=Delivering health care in America: A systems approach |edition=6th |location=Burlington, Massachusetts |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |year=2015 |page=131}}</ref> "Fifty-five per cent of ED payments come from Medicare, fifteen per cent from Medicaid, five per cent from private payment and twenty-five per cent from commercially insured patients."<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=17694845 |year=2007 |last1=Hatley |first1=T |title=Management and financing of emergency medical services |journal=North Carolina Medical Journal |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=259–61 |last2=Patterson |first2=P. D. |doi=10.18043/ncm.68.4.259 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, choices of physician specialties are not mandated by any agency or program, so even though emergency departments see many Medicare/Medicaid patients and thus receive much funding for training from these programs, there is still concern over a shortage of specialty-trained emergency medicine providers.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2012|title=Recent Studies and Reports on Physician Shortages in the US|url=https://www.aamc.org/download/100598/data/|publisher=Association of American Medical Colleges|access-date=28 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021204254/https://www.aamc.org/download/100598/data/|archive-date=21 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>