Editing Economic growth (section)

===Energy===
{{further|topic=Energy role in economy|Econodynamics}}
{{further|topic=Energy efficiency|Productivity improving technologies (historical)#Energy efficiency}}
Energy economic theories hold that rates of energy consumption and [[Efficient energy use|energy efficiency]] are linked causally to economic growth.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kümmel |first1=Reiner |author-link1=Reiner Kümmel |date=2013 |title=Why energy's economic weight is much larger than its cost share |url= |journal=Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions |volume=9 |publisher=Elsevier |pages=33-37 |doi=10.1016/j.eist.2013.09.003 |access-date=}}</ref> The Garrett Relation holds that there has been a fixed relationship between current rates of [[global energy consumption]] and the historical accumulation of world GDP, independent of the year considered. It follows that economic growth, as represented by GDP growth, requires higher rates of energy consumption growth. Seemingly [[Jevons paradox|paradoxically]], these are sustained through increases in energy efficiency.<ref name="Garrett 2014a">{{Cite journal|last1=Garrett|first1=T. J.|year=2014|title=Long-run evolution of the global economy: 1. Physical basis |journal=Earth's Future|volume=2|issue=3|page=127 |doi=10.1002/2013EF000171|arxiv=1306.3554|bibcode=2014EaFut...2..127G|s2cid=204937958 }}</ref> Increases in energy efficiency were a portion of the increase in [[Total factor productivity]].<ref name="Kendrick_1961"/> Some of the most technologically important innovations in history involved increases in energy efficiency. These include the great improvements in efficiency of conversion of heat to work, the reuse of heat, the reduction in friction and the transmission of power, especially through [[electrification]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present|last=Landes|first=David. S.|publisher=Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge|year=1969|isbn=978-0-521-09418-4|location=Cambridge, New York|pages=289, 293|author-link=David Landes}}</ref><ref name="Devine83">{{Cite journal|last1=Devine |first1=Warren D. Jr.|year=1983|title=From Shafts to Wires: Historical Perspective on Electrification |journal=Journal of Economic History|volume=43|issue=2|pages=347–372 [p. 355] |doi=10.1017/S0022050700029673|s2cid=153414525}}</ref> There is a strong correlation between per capita electricity consumption and economic development.<ref>
{{cite book|url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=900|title=Electricity in Economic Growth|last1=Committee on Electricity in Economic Growth Energy Engineering Board Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems National Research Council|publisher=National Academy Press|year=1986|isbn=978-0-309-03677-1|location=Washington, DC|pages=16, 40}}
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{{cite book|title=The Evolution of Progress: The End of Economic Growth and the Beginning of Human Transformation|last1=Paepke|first1=C. Owen|publisher=Random House|year=1992|isbn=978-0-679-41582-4|location=New York, Toronto|page=[https://archive.org/details/evolutionofprogr00paep/page/109 109]|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionofprogr00paep/page/109}}
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