Editing Developmental psychology (section)

====Infant perception====
Infant perception is what a newborn can see, hear, smell, taste, and touch. These five features are considered as the "five senses".<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Bee D, Boyd H |title=The developing child |publisher=Pearson Education |location=Upper Saddle River, N.J. |isbn=978-0-205-25602-0 |page=36 |edition=13th|date=2011-12-12 }}</ref> Because of these different senses, infants respond to stimuli differently.<ref name="bremner" />

* [[Visual perception|Vision]] is significantly worse in infants than in older children. Infant sight tends to be blurry in early stages but improves over time. Color perception, similar to that seen in adults, has been demonstrated in infants as young as four months using habituation methods.<ref name="butterworth" /> Infants attain adult-like vision at about six months.{{sfn|Berk|2012|p=191}}
* [[Hearing (sense)|Hearing]] is well-developed prior to birth. Newborns prefer complex sounds to pure tones, human speech to other sounds, mother's voice to other voices, and the native language to other languages. Scientist believe these features are probably learned in the womb.{{sfn|Berk|2012|p=151}} Infants are fairly good at detecting the direction a sound comes from, and by 18 months their hearing ability is approximately equal to an adult's.
* [[Olfaction|Smell]] and [[taste]] are present, with infants showing different expressions of disgust or pleasure when presented with pleasant odors (honey, milk, etc.) or unpleasant odors (rotten egg) and tastes (e.g. sour taste). Newborns are born with odor and taste preferences acquired in the womb from the smell and taste of amniotic fluid, in turn influenced by what the mother eats. Both breast- and bottle-fed babies around three days old prefer the smell of human milk to that of formula, indicating an innate preference.{{sfn|Berk|2012|p=150}} Older infants also prefer the smell of their mother to that of others.<ref name="butterworth" />
* [[Haptic perception|Touch and feel]] is one of the better-developed senses at birth as it is one of the first senses to develop inside the womb.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Feldman RD, Papalia DE |title=A child's world: infancy through adolescence |year=2010 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=978-0-07-353204-2 |page=57 |edition=12th}}</ref>  This is evidenced by the [[primitive reflexes]] described above, and the relatively advanced development of the [[somatosensory cortex]].<ref name="Slater">{{cite book |title=Introduction to Infant Development | vauthors = Slater A, Lewis M |isbn=978-0-19-928305-7 |publisher=OUP |location=Oxford |year=2006}}</ref>
* [[Pain]]: Infants feel pain similarly, if not more strongly than older children, but pain relief in infants has not received so much attention as an area of research.<ref name="MatthewMatthew">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mathew PJ, Mathew JL | title = Assessment and management of pain in infants | journal = Postgraduate Medical Journal | volume = 79 | issue = 934 | pages = 438–443 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12954954 | pmc = 1742785 | doi = 10.1136/pmj.79.934.438 }}</ref> Glucose is known to relieve pain in newborns.<ref name="DilenElseviers">{{cite journal | vauthors = Dilen B, Elseviers M | title = Oral glucose solution as pain relief in newborns: results of a clinical trial | journal = Birth | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 98–105 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20557532 | doi = 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2010.00389.x }}</ref>