Editing Cyprus (section)

===Literature===
{{Main|Cypriot literature}}
[[File:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Napoli, 1969) - BEIC 6353768.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|[[Zeno of Citium]], founder of the [[Stoicism|Stoic]] school of philosophy]]

Literary production of the antiquity includes the ''[[Cypria]]'', an [[epic poetry|epic poem]], probably composed in the late 7th&nbsp;century&nbsp;BC and attributed to [[Stasinus]]. The ''Cypria'' is one of the first specimens of Greek and European poetry.<ref>"An indication that at least the main contents of the ''Cypria'' were known around 650 BC is provided by the representation of the [[Judgment of Paris]] on the [[Chigi vase]]" (Burkert 1992:103). On the [[proto-Corinthian]] [[ewer]] of c.&nbsp;640&nbsp;BC known as the [http://www.wisc.edu/arth/ah300/13-myth/33.image.html Chigi "vase"] {{dead link |date=March 2017 |bot=Dr.K. |fix-attempted=yes}}, Paris is identified as ''Alexandros'', as he was apparently called in ''Cypria''. {{dead link |date=August 2016 |bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The Cypriot [[Zeno of Citium]] was the founder of the [[Stoicism|Stoic]] school of philosophy.

Epic poetry, notably the "acritic songs", flourished during the [[Middle Ages]]. Two chronicles, one written by [[Leontios Machairas]] and the other by [[Georgios Boustronios]], cover the entire Middle Ages until the end of Frankish rule (4th&nbsp;century–1489). ''Poèmes d'amour'' written in medieval Greek Cypriot date back from the 16th&nbsp;century. Some of them are actual translations of poems written by [[Petrarch]], [[Bembo]], [[Ariosto]] and G.&nbsp;[[Jacopo Sannazaro|Sannazzaro]].<ref>Th. Siapkaras- Pitsillidés, Le Pétrarchisme en Cypre. Poèmes d'&nbsp;amour en dialecte Chypriote d' après un manuscript du XVIe siècle, Athènes 1975 (2ème&nbsp;édition)</ref> Many Cypriot scholars fled Cyprus at troubled times, such as [[Ioannis Kigalas]] (c.&nbsp;1622–1687) who migrated from Cyprus to Italy in the 17th&nbsp;century, several of his works have survived in books of other scholars.<ref>{{cite book |author=Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Institut für Griechisch-Römische Altertumskunde, Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Zentralinstitut für Alte Geschichte und Archäologie |title=Berliner byzantinistische Arbeiten, Volume&nbsp;40 |publisher=Akademie-Verlag |year=1956 |pages=209–210 |quote=John Cigala (born at Nicosia 1622). He studied at the College of Saint Athanasios, Rome (1635–1642), which he graduated as doctor of philosophy and theology and at which he taught Greek successfully for eight years (1642–1650)&nbsp;... What has survived of his work as a number of epigrams published in books of other scholars.}}</ref>

[[File:Ioannis Kigalas (1622-1687) Cyprus.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Ioannis Kigalas]] ({{Circa|1622}}–1687) was a [[Nicosia]] born [[Greek people|Greek]] Cypriot scholar and professor of philosophy who was largely active in the 17th century.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Serena, Sebastiano |author2=Barbarigo, Gregorio |title=S.&nbsp;Gregorio Barbarigo e la vita spirituale e cultuale nel suo Seminario di Padova; lettre e saggi editi dagli amici in memoria |publisher=Editrice Antenore |year=1963 |page=495 |oclc=6706000 |quote=Giovanni Cicala, greco di Cipro, prof. di Filosofia nella Università&nbsp;... Al qual fine permetteva tutta la confidenza con il Cigala e con il Papadopoli, ambedue greci nativi e Lettori pubblici nell'Universita di Padova, coi quail si tratteneva, in frequenti discorsi sopra questa material, le mezze giornate intiere&nbsp;...}}</ref>]]
Hasan Hilmi Efendi, a Turkish Cypriot poet, was rewarded by the Ottoman sultan [[Mahmud II|Mahmud&nbsp;II]] and said to be the "sultan of the poems".<ref>Gazioğlu, Ahmet C. (1990). The Turks in Cyprus: a province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878), 293–295, K.&nbsp;Rüstem.</ref>

Modern Greek Cypriot literary figures include the poet and writer [[Costas Montis]], poet [[Kyriakos Charalambides]], poet [[Michalis Pasiardis]], writer [[Nicos Nicolaides]], Stylianos Atteshlis, [[Altheides]], Loukis Akritas<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=256 |title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Loukis Akritas |access-date=29 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195913/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=256 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Demetris Th. Gotsis. [[Dimitris Lipertis]], [[Vasilis Michaelides]] and Pavlos Liasides are folk poets who wrote poems mainly in the [[Cypriot Greek|Cypriot-Greek]] dialect.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=91 |title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Cyprus Poets |access-date=29 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195859/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=91 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=252 |title=Cyprus Stamp Issue: Centenary Birthday Anniversary of Poet Pavlos Liasides |access-date=29 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511195938/http://www.philatelism.com/details.php?issueid=252 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Among leading Turkish Cypriot writers are [[Osman Türkay]], twice nominated for the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]],<ref>[http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/printnews.aspx?DocID=-31947 Kozmik şiirin yazarı] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017204605/http://hurarsiv.hurriyet.com.tr/goster/printnews.aspx?DocID=-31947 |date=17 October 2015}} (Hürriyet). Retrieved 31 December 2014.</ref> [[Özker Yaşın]], [[Neriman Cahit]], [[Urkiye Mine Balman]], [[Mehmet Yaşın]] and [[Neşe Yaşın]].

There is an increasingly strong presence of both temporary and permanent emigre Cypriot writers in world literature, as well as writings by second and third-generation Cypriot writers born or raised abroad, often writing in English. This includes writers such as [[Michael Paraskos]] and [[Stephanos Stephanides]].<ref>Alexander Davidian, 'A literary resilience' in ''The Cyprus Weekly'' (Cyprus newspaper), 10 January 2016</ref>

Examples of Cyprus in foreign literature include the works of Shakespeare, with most of the play ''[[Othello]]'' by [[William Shakespeare]] set on the island of Cyprus. British writer [[Lawrence Durrell]] lived in Cyprus from 1952 until 1956, during his time working for the British colonial government on the island, and wrote the book ''[[Bitter Lemons]]'' about his time in Cyprus which won the second [[Duff Cooper Prize]] in 1957.