Editing Crete (section)

===Cretan State and union with Greece===
{{Main|Cretan State|Theriso revolt|Candia massacre|International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)}}
[[File:Revolutionnaires therissos.jpg|thumb|250px|Revolutionaries at [[Theriso]]]]

Following the repeated uprisings in 1841, 1858, 1889, 1895 and 1897 by the Cretan people, who wanted to join Greece, the [[Great powers#History|Great Powers]] decided to restore order and in February 1897 sent in troops. The island was subsequently garrisoned by troops from Great Britain, France, Italy and Russia; Germany and Austro-Hungary withdrawing from the occupation in early 1898. During this period Crete was governed through a committee of admirals from the remaining four Powers. In March 1898 the Powers decreed, with the reluctant consent of the Sultan, that the island would be granted autonomy under Ottoman [[suzerainty]] in the near future.<ref>Pinar Senisik, ''The Transformation of Ottoman Crete, Revolts, Politics and Identity in the Late Nineteenth century'' p. 165. I. B. Tauris, 2011.</ref>

In September 1898 the [[Candia massacre]] in Candia, modern Heraklion, left over 500 Cretan Christians and 14 British servicemen dead at the hands of Muslim irregulars. As a result, the Admirals ordered the expulsion of all Ottoman troops and administrators from the island, a move that was ultimately completed by early November. The decision to grant autonomy to the island was enforced and a High Commissioner, [[Prince George of Greece]], appointed, arriving to take up his post in December 1898.<ref name=Holland>Robert Holland and Diane Markides, ''The British and the Hellenes: Struggles for Mastery in the Eastern Mediterranean 1850–1960''. p. 81. Oxford University Press, 2005.</ref> The flag of the [[Cretan State]] was chosen by the Powers, with the white star representing the Ottoman suzerainty over the island.

[[File:Flag of Cretan State.svg|thumb|250px|Flag of Cretan State]]

In 1905, disagreements between Prince George and minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the question of the ''[[enosis]]'' (union with Greece), such as the Prince's autocratic style of government, resulted in the [[Theriso revolt]], one of the leaders being [[Eleftherios Venizelos]].

Prince George resigned as High Commissioner and was replaced by [[Alexandros Zaimis]], a former Greek prime minister, in 1906. In 1908, taking advantage of domestic turmoil in Turkey as well as the timing of Zaimis's vacation away from the island, the Cretan deputies unilaterally declared union with Greece.

With the outbreak of the [[First Balkan War]], the Greek government declared that Crete was now Greek territory. This was not recognised internationally until 1 December 1913.<ref name=Holland/>