Editing Cerebral cortex (section)

===Genes associated with cortical disorders===
There are a number of genetic mutations that can cause a wide range of [[genetic disorder]]s of the cerebral cortex, including [[microcephaly]], [[schizencephaly]] and types of [[lissencephaly]].<ref name="Walsh">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mochida GH, Walsh CA | title = Genetic basis of developmental malformations of the cerebral cortex | journal = Archives of Neurology | volume = 61 | issue = 5 | pages = 637–640 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15148137 | doi = 10.1001/archneur.61.5.637 | doi-access =  }}</ref> [[Chromosome abnormality|Chromosome abnormalities]] can also result causing a number of [[neurodevelopmental disorder]]s such as [[fragile X syndrome]] and [[Rett syndrome]].

[[MCPH1]] codes for [[microcephalin]], and disorders in this and in [[ASPM (gene)|ASPM]] are associated with microcephaly.<ref name="Walsh"/> Mutations in the gene [[NBS1]] that codes for [[nibrin]] can cause [[Nijmegen breakage syndrome]], characterised by microcephaly.<ref name="Walsh"/>

Mutations in [[EMX2]],<ref name="nih">{{cite web |title=EMX2 empty spiracles homeobox 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] | work = Gene – NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2018 | publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref> and [[COL4A1]] are associated with [[schizencephaly]],<ref name="Smigiel">{{cite journal | vauthors = Smigiel R, Cabala M, Jakubiak A, Kodera H, Sasiadek MJ, Matsumoto N, Sasiadek MM, Saitsu H | title = Novel COL4A1 mutation in an infant with severe dysmorphic syndrome with schizencephaly, periventricular calcifications, and cataract resembling congenital infection | journal = Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology | volume = 106 | issue = 4 | pages = 304–307 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 26879631 | doi = 10.1002/bdra.23488 }}</ref> a condition marked by the absence of large parts of the cerebral hemispheres.