Editing Carbon nanotube (section)

=== Biomedical Applications ===
Because of their relatively large surface area, CNTs are capable of interacting with a wide variety of therapeutic and diagnostic agents (drugs, genes, vaccines, antibodies, biosensors, etc.). This can be utilized to assist in drug delivery directly into cells. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=He |first1=Hua |last2=Pham-Huy |first2=Lien Ai |last3=Dramou |first3=Pierre |last4=Xiao |first4=Deli |last5=Zuo |first5=Pengli |last6=Pham-Huy |first6=Chuong |title=Carbon Nanotubes: Applications in Pharmacy and Medicine |journal=BioMed Research International |date=2013 |volume=2013 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1155/2013/578290|doi-access=free |pmid=24195076 |pmc=3806157 }}</ref> In addition, CNTs have recently been used as reinforcements in implants and scaffolds due to their suitable reaction area, high elastic modulus, and load transfer capability.<ref>The Effectiveness Mechanisms of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) as Reinforcements for Magnesium-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications: A Review Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090756{{Open access}}  PMCID: PMC11085746  {{Open access}} PMID 38727350 </ref><ref>Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Encapsulated Magnesium-Based Nanocomposites to Improve Mechanical, Degradation and Antibacterial Performances for Biomedical Device Applications Coatings 2022, 12, 1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101589 {{Open access}}</ref>

[[File:Applications of CNT. jpg.jpg|thumb|Schematic of carbon nanotubes applications in biomedicine Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14090756{{Open access}}  PMCID: PMC11085746  {{Open access}} ]]

CNTs have been shown to increase the effectiveness of bioactive coatings for the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of [[osteoblasts]], and has been used as a bone substitution material.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Meng |last2=Su |first2=Rongjun |last3=Ji |first3=Lingyu |last4=Zhang |first4=Ying |last5=Wu |first5=Huirong |last6=Wen |first6=Zhaohui |last7=Dai |first7=Changsong |title=The Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Properties of the CNTs-Doped Magnesium Based Composite Implants in a Long-Term Biodegradation Process |journal=Journal of Nanomaterials |date=22 January 2023 |volume=2023 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1155/2023/5012576|doi-access=free }}</ref>

CNTs may be used as reinforcing materials for [[chitosan]]-containing coatings used on implants and medical [[Tissue_engineering#Scaffolds|scaffolds]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=A. A. |last2=Abdel-Gawad |first2=S. A. |last3=Shoeib |first3=M. A. |title=Toward CNT-reinforced chitosan-based ceramic composite coatings on biodegradable magnesium for surgical implants |journal=Journal of Coatings Technology and Research |date=July 2021 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=971–988 |doi=10.1007/s11998-021-00468-y}}</ref>