Editing Bulgarian language (section)

====Conjunctions and particles====
=====But=====

In Bulgarian, there are several conjunctions all translating into English as "but", which are all used in distinct situations. They are {{lang|bg|но}} ({{Transliteration|bg|no}}), {{lang|bg|ама}} ({{Transliteration|bg|amà}}), {{lang|bg|а}} ({{Transliteration|bg|a}}), {{lang|bg|ами}} ({{Transliteration|bg|amì}}), and {{lang|bg|ала}} ({{Transliteration|bg|alà}}) (and {{lang|bg|обаче}} ({{Transliteration|bg|obache}}) – "however", identical in use to {{lang|bg|но}}).

While there is some overlapping between their uses, in many cases they are specific. For example, {{Transliteration|bg|ami}} is used for a choice – {{Transliteration|bg|ne tova, ami onova}} – "not this one, but that one" (compare Spanish {{lang|es|sino}}), while {{Transliteration|bg|ama}} is often used to provide extra information or an opinion – {{Transliteration|bg|kazah go, ama sgreshih}} – "I said it, but I was wrong". Meanwhile, {{Transliteration|bg|a}} provides contrast between two situations, and in some sentences can even be translated as "although", "while" or even "and" – {{Transliteration|bg|az rabotya, a toy blee}} – "I'm working, and he's daydreaming".

Very often, different words can be used to alter the emphasis of a sentence – e.g. while {{Transliteration|bg|pusha, no ne tryabva}} and {{Transliteration|bg|pusha, a ne tryabva}} both mean "I smoke, but I shouldn't", the first sounds more like a statement of fact ("...but I mustn't"), while the second feels more like a ''judgement'' ("...but I oughtn't"). Similarly, {{Transliteration|bg|az ne iskam, ama toy iska}} and {{Transliteration|bg|az ne iskam, a toy iska}} both mean "I don't want to, but he does", however the first emphasizes the fact that ''he'' wants to, while the second emphasizes the ''wanting'' rather than the person.

{{Transliteration|bg|Ala}} is interesting in that, while it feels archaic, it is often used in poetry and frequently in children's stories, since it has quite a moral/ominous feel to it.

Some common expressions use these words, and some can be used alone as interjections:
*{{Transliteration|bg|da, ama ne}} ({{lit|yes, but no}}) – means "you're wrong to think so".
*{{Transliteration|bg|ama}} can be tagged onto a sentence to express surprise: {{Transliteration|bg|ama toy spi!}} – "he's sleeping!"
*{{lang|bg|ами!}} – "you don't say!", "really!"

=====Vocative particles=====

Bulgarian has several abstract particles which are used to strengthen a statement. These have no precise translation in English.<ref group=note>Perhaps most similar in use is the tag "man", but the Bulgarian particles are more abstract still.</ref> The particles are strictly informal and can even be considered rude by some people and in some situations. They are mostly used at the end of questions or instructions.
*{{lang|bg|бе}} ({{Transliteration|bg|be}}) – the most common particle. It can be used to strengthen a statement or, sometimes, to indicate derision of an opinion, aided by the tone of voice. (Originally purely masculine, it can now be used towards both men and women.)
**{{Transliteration|bg|kazhi mi, be}} – tell me (insistence); {{Transliteration|bg|taka li, be?}} – is that so? (derisive); {{Transliteration|bg|vyarno li, be?}} – you don't say!.
*{{lang|bg|де}} ({{Transliteration|bg|de)}} – expresses urgency, sometimes pleading.
**{{Transliteration|bg|stavay, de!}} – come on, get up!
*{{lang|bg|ма}} ({{Transliteration|bg|ma}}) (feminine only) – originally simply the feminine counterpart of {{Transliteration|bg|be}}, but today perceived as rude and derisive (compare the similar evolution of the vocative forms of feminine names).
*{{lang|bg|бре}} ({{Transliteration|bg|bre}}, masculine), {{lang|bg|мари}} ({{Transliteration|bg|mari}}, feminine) – similar to {{Transliteration|bg|be}} and {{Transliteration|bg|ma}}, but archaic. Although informal, can sometimes be heard being used by older people.

=====Modal particles=====

These are "tagged" on to the beginning or end of a sentence to express the mood of the speaker in relation to the situation. They are mostly [[interrogative]] or slightly [[imperative mood|imperative]] in nature. There is no change in the grammatical mood when these are used (although they may be expressed through different grammatical moods in other languages).
*{{lang|bg|нали}} ({{Transliteration|bg|nalì}}) – is a universal affirmative tag, like "isn't it"/"won't you", etc. (it is invariable, like the French {{lang|fr|n'est-ce pas}}). It can be placed almost anywhere in the sentence, and does not always require a verb:
**{{Transliteration|bg|shte doydesh, nali?}} – you are coming, aren't you?; {{Transliteration|bg|nali iskaha?}} – didn't they want to?; {{Transliteration|bg|nali onzi?}} – that one, right?;
**it can express quite complex thoughts through simple constructions – {{Transliteration|bg|nali nyamashe?}} – "I thought you weren't going to!" or "I thought there weren't any!" (depending on context – the verb {{Transliteration|bg|nyama}} presents general negation/lacking, see "nyama", above).
*{{lang|bg|дали}} ({{Transliteration|bg|dalì}}) – expresses uncertainty (if in the middle of a clause, can be translated as "whether") – e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|dali shte doyde?}} – "do you think he will come?"
*{{lang|bg|нима}} ({{Transliteration|bg|nimà}}) – presents disbelief ~"don't tell me that{{nbsp}}..." – e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|nima iskash?!}} – "don't tell me you want to!". It can be used on its own as an [[interjection]] – {{Transliteration|bg|nima!}}
*{{lang|bg|дано}} ({{Transliteration|bg|danò}}) – expresses wish – {{Transliteration|bg|shte doyde}} – "he will come"; {{Transliteration|bg|dano doyde}} – "may he come". Grammatically, {{Transliteration|bg|dano}} is entirely separate from the verb {{lang|bg|желая}} ({{Transliteration|bg|zhelàya}}) – "to wish".
*{{lang|bg|нека}} ({{Transliteration|bg|nèka}}) – means "let('s)" – e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|neka doyde}} – "let him come"; when used in the first person, it expresses extreme politeness: {{Transliteration|bg|neka da otidem...}} – "let us go" (in colloquial situations, {{Transliteration|bg|hayde}}, below, is used instead).
**{{lang|bg|neka}}, as an interjection, can also be used to express judgement or even [[schadenfreude]] – {{Transliteration|bg|neka mu!}} – "he deserves it!".

=====Intentional particles=====

These express intent or desire, perhaps even pleading. They can be seen as a sort of [[cohortative mood|cohortative]] side to the language. (Since they can be used by themselves, they could even be considered as verbs in their own right.) They are also highly informal.
*{{lang|bg|хайде}} ({{Transliteration|bg|hàide}}) – "come on", "let's"
**e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|hayde, po-barzo}} – "faster!"
*{{lang|bg|я}} ({{Transliteration|bg|ya}}) – "let me" – exclusively when asking someone else for something. It can even be used on its own as a request or instruction (depending on the tone used), indicating that the speaker wants to partake in or try whatever the listener is doing.
**{{Transliteration|bg|ya da vidya}} – let me see; {{Transliteration|bg|ya?}} or {{Transliteration|bg|ya!}} – "let me.../give me..."
*{{lang|bg|недей}} ({{Transliteration|bg|nedèi}}) (plural {{Transliteration|bg|nedèyte}}) – can be used to issue a negative instruction – e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|nedey da idvash}} – "don't come" ({{Transliteration|bg|nedey}} + subjunctive). In some dialects, the construction {{Transliteration|bg|nedey idva}} ({{Transliteration|bg|nedey}} + [[preterite]]) is used instead. As an interjection – {{Transliteration|bg|nedei!}} – "don't!" (See section on [[Bulgarian grammar#Mood|imperative mood]]).

These particles can be combined with the vocative particles for greater effect, e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|ya da vidya, be}} (let me see), or even exclusively in combinations with them, with no other elements, e.g. {{Transliteration|bg|hayde, de!}} (come on!); {{Transliteration|bg|nedey, de!}} (I told you not to!).