Editing Brazil (section)

=== Language ===
{{Main|Languages of Brazil|Portuguese language|Brazilian Portuguese|List of endangered languages in Brazil}}
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 | image1 = Interior do Museu da Língua Portuguesa em São Paulo, Brasil.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Museum of the Portuguese Language]] in [[São Paulo]]
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 | caption2 = [[Alto Rio Negro Indigenous Territory]], in [[São Gabriel da Cachoeira]], [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]],
where [[Nhengatu]], [[Tucano language|Tucano]] and [[Karu language|Baniwa]] are co-official languages
 |image3 = Ruas de Pomerode (cropped).jpg
 | caption3 = [[Pomerode]], [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], where the [[East Pomeranian dialect|East Pomeranian]] is the [[second language]] (see [[Brazilian German]])
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The official language of Brazil is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (Article 13 of the [[Constitution of Brazil|Constitution of the Federal Republic of Brazil]]), which almost all of the population speaks and is virtually the only language used in newspapers, radio, television, and for business and administrative purposes. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors.<ref name="language2">{{Cite web |title=Brazil – Language |url=http://countrystudies.us/brazil/39.htm |website=countrystudies.us}}</ref>

[[Brazilian Portuguese]] has had its own development, mostly similar to 16th-century Central and Southern dialects of European Portuguese<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2009 |title=Learn About Portuguese Language |url=http://www.sibila.com.br/index.php/world-map-of-portuguese/424 |access-date=7 April 2012 |publisher=Sibila.com.br |archive-date=20 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420010533/http://www.sibila.com.br/index.php/world-map-of-portuguese/424  }}</ref> (despite a very substantial number of Portuguese colonial settlers, and [[Portuguese Brazilian|more recent immigrants]], coming from [[Northern Portugal|Northern regions]], and in minor degree Portuguese [[Macaronesia]]), with a few influences from the [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Amerindian]] and [[Languages of Africa|African languages]], especially [[West Africa]]n and [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] restricted to the vocabulary only.<ref name="Portuguese" /> As a result, the language is somewhat different, mostly in phonology, from the language of Portugal and other [[Portuguese-speaking countries]] (the dialects of the other countries, partly because of the more recent end of [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese colonialism]] in these regions, have a closer connection to contemporary [[European Portuguese]]). These differences are comparable to those between [[American English|American]] and [[British English]].<ref name="Portuguese">{{Cite web |title=Languages of Brazil |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=br |access-date=9 June 2008 |publisher=Ethnologue}}</ref>

The 2002 [[recognition of sign languages|sign language law]]<ref name="Libras 2002">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100910070529/http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/LEIS/2002/L10436.htm LEI Nº 10.436, DE 24 DE ABRIL DE 2002]. Presidência da República, Casa Civil, Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos. Retrieved on 19 May 2012.</ref> requires government authorities and public agencies to accept and provide information in ''Língua Brasileira dos Sinais'' or "LIBRAS", the [[Brazilian Sign Language]], while a 2005 presidential edict<ref name="Libras 2005">[http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2004-2006/2005/decreto/d5626.htm Brazilian decree nº 5626, 22 December 2005]. Planalto.gov.br (23 December 2005). Retrieved on 19 May 2012.</ref> extends this to require teaching of the language as a part of the [[school of education|education]] and [[speech and language pathology]] curricula. LIBRAS teachers, instructors and translators are recognized professionals. Schools and health services must provide access ("[[inclusion (education)|inclusion]]") to [[Deaf community|deaf people]].<ref name="Russo2011">{{Cite book |last=Charles J. Russo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JuV1cZ7NJHIC&pg=PA45 |title=The Legal Rights of Students with Disabilities: International Perspectives |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4422-1085-1 |page=45}}</ref>

Minority languages are spoken throughout the nation. One hundred and eighty [[Indigenous languages of the Americas|Amerindian languages]] are spoken in remote areas and a significant number of other languages are spoken by immigrants and their descendants.<ref name="Portuguese" /> In the municipality of [[São Gabriel da Cachoeira]], [[Nheengatu language|Nheengatu]] (a currently endangered [[creole language]] with [[Old Tupi|Tupi]] lexicon and Portuguese-based grammar that, together with its southern relative [[língua geral paulista]], once was a major [[lingua franca]] in Brazil),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Lyle |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide |last2=Grondona |first2=Verónica |last3=Muysken |first3=Peter |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2012 |isbn=978-3-11-025803-5 |page=247 |chapter=Contacts between indigenous languages in South America |quote=Nheengatú (also called língua geral of Amazonia, or lingua Brasilica) originated in the 17th century in what are now the states of Pará Maranhão, as lingua franca on the basis of Tupinambá lexicon but with strong grammatical influence from Portuguese, also due to intervention by Jesuit missionaries [...] Around 1700 it was spoken in a large area in Brazil, as a contact language between whites and indians, but it lost some support with the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1758 [...] Its sister language in the colonial period was Língua Geral Paulista (in the state of São Paolo) a lingua franca which is now extinct.}}</ref>{{overly detailed inline|date=July 2015}} [[Baniwa of Içana|Baniwa]] and Tucano languages had been granted co-official status with Portuguese.<ref name="nyt-language">{{Cite news |last=Rohter |first=Larry |date=28 August 2005 |title=Language Born of Colonialism Thrives Again in Amazon |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/international/americas/28amazon.html |access-date=14 July 2008}}</ref>

There are significant communities of German (mostly the [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch|Brazilian Hunsrückisch]], a High German language dialect) and Italian (mostly the [[Talian dialect|Talian]], a [[Venetian language|Venetian]] dialect) origins in the Southern and Southeastern regions, whose ancestors' native languages were carried along to Brazil, and which, still alive there, are influenced by the Portuguese language.<ref>{{Cite web |title=O alemão lusitano do Sul do Brasil |url=http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,1174391,00.html |publisher=DW-World.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ELB |url=https://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/europeias/talian.htm |website=labeurb.unicamp.br}}</ref> Talian is officially a historic patrimony of [[Rio Grande do Sul]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud – Brasile |url=http://www.sitoveneto.org/talian_patrimonio_de_rio_grando_do_sul.html  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304160633/http://www.sitoveneto.org/talian_patrimonio_de_rio_grando_do_sul.html |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=Sitoveneto}}</ref> and two German dialects possess co-official status in a few municipalities.<ref name="Stevenson1997">{{Cite book |last=Patrick Stevenson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AviTvt-cPaUC&pg=PA39 |title=The German Language and the Real World: Sociolinguistic, Cultural, and Pragmatic Perspectives on Contemporary German |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-19-823738-9 |page=39}}</ref> Italian is also recognized as ''ethnic language'' in [[Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo|Santa Teresa]] and [[Vila Velha]], in the state of [[Espírito Santo]], and is taught as mandatory second language at school.{{Citation needed|reason=Previous reference was to article 13 of the Constitution, which does not support the statement|date=December 2024}}