Editing Beetle (section)

===Parental care===
[[File:Scarabaeus laticollis.jpg|upright|thumb|right|A dung beetle rolling dung]]
Parental care is found in a few families<ref>Brandmayr P. 1992. Short review of the presocial evolution in Coleoptera. Ethol Ecol Evol. 4:7–16.</ref> of beetle, perhaps for protection against adverse conditions and predators.<ref name=insenc/> The rove beetle ''[[Bledius spectabilis]]'' lives in [[salt marsh]]es, so the eggs and larvae are endangered by the rising [[tide]]. The maternal beetle patrols the eggs and larvae, burrowing to keep them from flooding and [[asphyxiating]], and protects them from the predatory carabid beetle ''[[Dicheirotrichus gustavii]]'' and from the [[parasitism|parasitoidal]] wasp ''[[Barycnemis blediator]]'', which kills some 15% of the larvae.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wyatt, T. D. |author2=Foster, W. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=1989 |title=Parental care in the subsocial intertidal beetle, ''Bledius spectabilis'', in relation to parasitism by the ichneumonid wasp, ''Barycnemis blediator'' |journal=[[Behaviour (journal)|Behaviour]] |volume=110 |issue=1–4 |pages=76–92 |jstor=4534785 |doi=10.1163/156853989X00394}}</ref>

[[Burying beetle]]s are attentive parents, and participate in cooperative care and feeding of their offspring. Both parents work to bury small animal carcass to serve as a food resource for their young and build a brood chamber around it. The parents prepare the carcass and protect it from competitors and from early decomposition. After their eggs hatch, the parents keep the larvae clean of fungus and bacteria and help the larvae feed by regurgitating food for them.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Milne|first1=Lorus J.|last2=Milne|first2=Margery J.|date=1944|title=Notes on the Behavior of Burying Beetles (Nicrophorus spp.)|jstor=25005075|journal=Journal of the New York Entomological Society|volume=52|issue=4|pages=311–327}}</ref>

Some [[dung beetle]]s provide parental care, collecting herbivore dung and laying eggs within that food supply, an instance of [[mass provisioning]]. Some species do not leave after this stage, but remain to safeguard their offspring.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hanski |first1=Ilkka |last2=Yves |first2=Cambefort| title=Dung Beetle Ecology |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |pages=626–672 |isbn=978-0-691-08739-9}}</ref>

Most species of beetles do not display parental care behaviors after the eggs have been laid.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/beetle|title=Beetle {{!}} San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants|website=animals.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2017-07-18}}</ref>

Subsociality, where females guard their offspring, is well-documented in two families of Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae and Chrysomelinae.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Chaboo | first1 = C.S. | last2 = Frieiro-Costa | first2 = F.A. | last3 = Gómez-Zurita | first3 = J. | last4 = Westerduijn | first4 = R. | year = 2014 | title = Subsociality in leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae, Chrysomelinae) | doi = 10.1080/00222933.2014.909060 | journal = Journal of Natural History | volume = 48 | pages = 1–44 | s2cid = 84683405 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Chaboo | first1 = CS | year = 2002 | title = First report of immatures, genitalia and maternal care in Eugenysa columbiana (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Eugenysini) | journal = The Coleopterists Bulletin | volume = 56 | pages = 50–67 | doi = 10.1649/0010-065x(2002)056[0050:froiga]2.0.co;2 | s2cid = 85885981 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Windsor | first1 = DM | year = 1987 | title = Natural History of a Subsocial Tortoise Beetle, Acromis sparsa Boheman (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae) in Panama | journal = Psyche: A Journal of Entomology | volume = 94 | issue = 1–2| pages = 127–150 | doi = 10.1155/1987/19861 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Reid | first1 = CAM | last2 = Beatson | first2 = M | last3 = Hasenpusch | first3 = J | year = 2009 | title = The morphology and biology of Pterodunga mirabile Daccordi, an unusual subsocial chrysomeline (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) | journal = J. Nat. Hist. | volume = 43 | issue = 7–8| pages = 373–398 | doi = 10.1080/00222930802586016 | bibcode = 2009JNatH..43..373R | s2cid = 84744056 }}</ref><ref>Windsor DM, Choe JC. 1994. Origins of parental care in chrysomelid beetles. In: Jolivet PH, Cox ML, Petitipierre E, editors. Novel aspects of the biology of Chrysomelidae. Series Entomologica 50. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; p. 111–117.</ref>