Editing Automation (section)

===Laboratory===
{{Main|Laboratory automation}}

[[File:GammaGIF.gif|alt=Automated laboratory instrument|thumb|Automated laboratory instrument]]

Automation is essential for many scientific and clinical applications.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Practical Laboratory Automation: Made Easy with AutoIt|last=Carvalho|first=Matheus|publisher=Wiley VCH|year=2017|isbn=978-3-527-34158-0}}</ref> Therefore, automation has been extensively employed in laboratories. From as early as 1980 fully automated laboratories have already been working.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Boyd|first=James|s2cid=108766687|date=18 January 2002|title=Robotic Laboratory Automation|journal=Science|volume=295|issue=5554|pages=517–518|doi=10.1126/science.295.5554.517|issn=0036-8075|pmid=11799250}}</ref> However, automation has not become widespread in laboratories due to its high cost. This may change with the ability of integrating low-cost devices with standard laboratory equipment.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Carvalho|first=Matheus C.|date=1 August 2013|title=Integration of Analytical Instruments with Computer Scripting|journal=Journal of Laboratory Automation|volume=18|issue=4|pages=328–333|doi=10.1177/2211068213476288|issn=2211-0682|pmid=23413273|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Chapter 1 - Introduction to Open-Source Hardware for Science|last=Pearce|first=Joshua M.|date=1 January 2014|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-410462-4|location=Boston|pages=1–11|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-410462-4.00001-9|chapter=Introduction to Open-Source Hardware for Science}}</ref> [[Autosampler]]s are common devices used in laboratory automation.