Editing Aspirin (section)

===Contraindications===
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Aspirin should not be taken by people who are allergic to [[ibuprofen]] or [[naproxen]],<ref name="drugs.com" /><ref name="personalmd">{{cite web |url=http://www.personalmd.com/drgdb/3.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000918231717/http://personalmd.com/drgdb/3.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 September 2000 |title=Oral Aspirin information |access-date=8 May 2008 |publisher=First DataBank }}</ref> or who have [[salicylate intolerance]]<ref name="pmid16247191">{{cite journal | vauthors = Raithel M, Baenkler HW, Naegel A, Buchwald F, Schultis HW, Backhaus B, Kimpel S, Koch H, Mach K, Hahn EG, Konturek PC | title = Significance of salicylate intolerance in diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract | journal = Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology | volume = 56 | issue = Suppl 5 | pages = 89–102 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16247191 | url = http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/09_05_s5/pdf/89_09_05_s5_article.pdf | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110409093851/http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/09_05_s5/pdf/89_09_05_s5_article.pdf | archive-date = 9 April 2011 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8566739">{{cite journal | vauthors = Senna GE, Andri G, Dama AR, Mezzelani P, Andri L | title = Tolerability of imidazole salycilate in aspirin-sensitive patients | journal = Allergy Proceedings | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 251–254 | year = 1995 | pmid = 8566739 | doi = 10.2500/108854195778702675 }}</ref> or a more generalized [[drug intolerance]] to NSAIDs, and caution should be exercised in those with [[asthma]] or NSAID-precipitated [[bronchospasm]]. Owing to its effect on the stomach lining, manufacturers recommend people with [[peptic ulcer]]s, mild diabetes, or [[gastritis]] seek medical advice before using aspirin.<ref name="drugs.com" /><ref name="mercksource">{{cite web |title = PDR guide to over the counter (OTC) drugs |url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_pdr.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcnszSzcontentzSzpdrotczSzotc_fullzSzdrugszSzfgotc036zPzhtm |access-date =28 April 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080410223441/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_pdr.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcnszSzcontentzSzpdrotczSzotc_fullzSzdrugszSzfgotc036zPzhtm |archive-date= 10 April 2008 |url-status= live}}</ref> Even if none of these conditions is present, the risk of [[gastrointestinal hemorrhage|stomach bleeding]] is still increased when aspirin is taken with [[alcoholic beverage|alcohol]] or [[warfarin]].<ref name="drugs.com" /><ref name="personalmd" /> People with [[hemophilia]] or other bleeding tendencies should not take aspirin or other salicylates.<ref name="drugs.com" /><ref name="mercksource" /> Aspirin is known to cause [[hemolytic anemia]] in people who have the genetic disease [[glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], particularly in large doses and depending on the severity of the disease.<ref>{{cite book |title = Frequencies of hemoglobin variants: thalassemia, the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, G6PD variants, and ovalocytosis in human populations |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OjqNeJERhWwC&q=0195036344|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn = 978-0-19-503634-3 |vauthors = Livingstone FB |year = 1985}}</ref> Use of aspirin during [[dengue fever]] is not recommended owing to increased bleeding tendency.<ref>{{cite web |title= Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: information for health care practitioners |url = https://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/dvbid/dengue/dengue-hcp.htm |access-date =28 April 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080317070305/http://www.cdc.gov/Ncidod/dvbid/dengue/dengue-hcp.htm |archive-date = 17 March 2008 }}</ref> Aspirin taken at doses of ≤325&nbsp;mg and ≤100&nbsp;mg per day for ≥2 days can increase the odds of suffering a gout attack by 81% and 91% respectively. This effect may potentially be worsened by high purine diets, diuretics, and kidney disease, but is eliminated by the urate lowering drug allopurinol.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Neogi T, Chen C, Chaisson C, Hunter DJ, Choi H | title = Low-dose aspirin use and recurrent gout attacks | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 73 | issue = 2 | pages = 385–390 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 23345599 | pmc = 3902644 | doi = 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202589 }}</ref> Daily low dose aspirin does not appear to worsen kidney function.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Polkinghorne KR, Wetmore JB, Thao LT, Wolfe R, Woods RL, Ernst ME, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Shah RC, McNeil JJ, Murray AM | title = Effect of Aspirin on CKD Progression in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis From the ASPREE Randomized Clinical Trial | journal = American Journal of Kidney Diseases | volume = 80 | issue = 6 | pages = 810–813 | date = December 2022 | pmid = 35430328 | pmc = 9562592 | doi = 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.02.019 }}</ref> Aspirin may reduce cardiovascular risk in those without established cardiovascular disease in people with moderate CKD, without significantly increasing the risk of bleeding.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mann JF, Joseph P, Gao P, Pais P, Tyrwhitt J, Xavier D, Dans T, Jaramillo PL, Gamra H, Yusuf S | title = Effects of aspirin on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease | journal = Kidney International | volume = 103 | issue = 2 | pages = 403–410 | date = February 2023 | pmid = 36341885 | doi = 10.1016/j.kint.2022.09.023 | s2cid = 253194139 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Aspirin should not be given to children or adolescents under the age of 16 to control cold or influenza symptoms, as this has been linked with [[Reye syndrome]].<ref name="BMJ2002-Macdonald">{{cite journal | vauthors = Macdonald S | title = Aspirin use to be banned in under 16 year olds | journal = BMJ | volume = 325 | issue = 7371 | pages = 988c–988 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12411346 | pmc = 1169585 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.325.7371.988/c }}</ref>