Editing Ammonia (section)

==== Safety ====
[[File:Ammiakoprovod NS.jpg|thumb|upright|The world's longest ammonia [[pipeline transport|pipeline]] (roughly 2400&nbsp;km long),<ref>minerals year book, vol. 3</ref> running from the [[TogliattiAzot]] plant in [[Russia]] to [[Odesa]] in [[Ukraine]]]]
The US [[Occupational Safety and Health Administration|Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)]] has set a 15-minute exposure limit for gaseous ammonia of 35&nbsp;ppm by volume in the environmental air and an 8-hour exposure limit of 25&nbsp;ppm by volume.<ref name="Toxic FAQ Sheet for Ammonia-2004">{{cite news|url=https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts126.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts126.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=Toxic FAQ Sheet for Ammonia| publisher=[[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]] (ATSDR)|date= September 2004}}</ref> The [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH) recently reduced the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health, the level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes without suffering irreversible health effects) from 500 to 300 ppm based on recent more conservative interpretations of original research in 1943. Other organisations have varying exposure levels. US Navy Standards [U.S. Bureau of Ships 1962] maximum allowable concentrations (MACs): for continuous exposure (60 days) is 25&nbsp;ppm; for exposure of 1 hour is 400&nbsp;ppm.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7664417.html Ammonia], IDLH Documentation</ref>

Ammonia vapour has a sharp, irritating, pungent odor that acts as a warning of potentially dangerous exposure. The average odor threshold is 5&nbsp;ppm, well below any danger or damage. Exposure to very high concentrations of gaseous ammonia can result in lung damage and death.<ref name="Toxic FAQ Sheet for Ammonia-2004"/> Ammonia is regulated in the US as a non-flammable gas, but it meets the definition of a material that is toxic by inhalation and requires a hazardous safety permit when transported in quantities greater than {{convert|3,500|gal}}.<ref>[http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/faq/anhydrous-ammonia-covered-under-hazardous-materials-safety-permit-program Is Anhydrous Ammonia covered under the Hazardous Materials Safety Permit Program?] from the website of the [[United States Department of Transportation]] (DOT)</ref>

Liquid ammonia is dangerous because it is [[hygroscopic]] and because it can cause [[caustic burn]]s. See {{section link|Gas carrier|Health effects of specific cargoes carried on gas carriers}} for more information.