Editing Algeria (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Algeria}}
[[File:Bensari2.jpg|thumb|Algerian musicians in [[Tlemcen]], [[Regency of Algiers]]; by [[Bachir Yellès]]]]

Modern Algerian literature, split between [[Classical Arabic|Arabic]], [[Berber languages|Tamazight]] and French, has been strongly influenced by the country's recent history. [[List of Algerian writers|Famous novelists]] of the 20th century include [[Mohammed Dib]], [[Albert Camus]], [[Kateb Yacine]] and [[Ahlam Mosteghanemi]] while [[Assia Djebar]] is widely translated. Among the important novelists of the 1980s were [[Rachid Mimouni]], later vice-president of [[Amnesty International]], and [[Tahar Djaout]], murdered by an [[Islamist]] group in 1993 for his secularist views.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tahar Djaout |publisher=French Publishers' Agency |url=http://www.frenchpubagency.com/?fuseaction=people.main&pid=517 |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620082020/http://www.frenchpubagency.com/?fuseaction=people.main&pid=517 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Malek Bennabi]] and [[Frantz Fanon]] are noted for their thoughts on [[decolonization|decolonisation]]; [[Augustine of Hippo]] was born in [[Tagaste]] (modern-day [[Souk Ahras]]); and [[Ibn Khaldun]], though born in [[Tunis]], wrote the [[Muqaddima]] while staying in Algeria. The works of the [[Senussi|Sanusi]] family in pre-colonial times, and of [[Emir Abdelkader]] and Sheikh [[Abdelhamid Ben Badis|Ben Badis]] in colonial times, are widely noted. The Latin author [[Apuleius]] was born in [[Madaurus]] (Mdaourouch), in what later became Algeria.

Contemporary [[Algerian cinema]] is varied in terms of genre, exploring a wider range of themes and issues. There has been a transition from cinema which focused on the war of independence to films more concerned with the everyday lives of Algerians.<ref>{{cite web |title=Short guide to contemporary Algerian cinema |publisher=Mapping Contemporary Cinema |url=http://www.mcc.sllf.qmul.ac.uk/?p=550 |access-date=1 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311032134/http://www.mcc.sllf.qmul.ac.uk/?p=550 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Media ===
{{main|Media of Algeria}}

=== Art ===
[[File:Portrait-racim.jpg|thumb|upright=0.65|left|[[Mohammed Racim]]; founder of the Algerian school for painting]]

Algerian painters, like [[Mohammed Racim]] and [[Baya (artist)|Baya]], attempted to revive the prestigious Algerian past prior to French colonisation, at the same time that they have contributed to the preservation of the authentic values of Algeria. In this line, [[Mohamed Temam]], [[Abdelkhader Houamel]] have also returned through this art, scenes from the history of the country, the habits and customs of the past and the country life. Other new artistic currents including the one of [[M'hamed Issiakhem]], [[Mohammed Khadda]] and [[Bachir Yelles]], appeared on the scene of Algerian painting, abandoning figurative classical painting to find new pictorial ways, to adapt Algerian paintings to the new realities of the country through its struggle and its aspirations. [[Mohammed Khadda]]<ref name=art>{{cite web |url=http://www.khadda.com/ |title=Mohammed Khadda |publisher=Khadda.com |access-date=18 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402061339/http://www.khadda.com/ |archive-date=2 April 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[M'hamed Issiakhem]] have been notable in recent years.<ref name=art/>

=== Literature ===
{{Main|Algerian literature|List of Algerian writers}}
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The historic roots of Algerian literature go back to the [[Numidia]]n and [[Africa (Roman province)|Roman Africa]]n era, when [[Apuleius]] wrote ''[[The Golden Ass]]'', the only Latin novel to survive in its entirety. This period had also known [[Augustine of Hippo]], [[Nonius Marcellus]] and [[Martianus Capella]], among many others. The Middle Ages have known many Arabic writers who revolutionised the Arab world literature, with authors like [[Ahmad al-Buni]], [[Ibn Manzur]] and [[Ibn Khaldoun]], who wrote the [[Muqaddimah]] while staying in Algeria, and many others.

[[Albert Camus]] was an Algerian-born French Pied-Noir author. In 1957, he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].

Today Algeria contains, in its literary landscape, big names having not only marked the Algerian literature, but also the universal literary heritage in Arabic and French.

As a first step, Algerian literature was marked by works whose main concern was the assertion of the Algerian national entity, there is the publication of novels as the ''Algerian trilogy'' of [[Mohammed Dib]], or even ''Nedjma'' of [[Kateb Yacine]] novel which is often regarded as a monumental and major work. Other known writers will contribute to the emergence of Algerian literature whom include [[Mouloud Feraoun]], [[Malek Bennabi]], [[Malek Haddad]], [[Moufdi Zakaria]], Abdelhamid Ben Badis, Mohamed Laïd Al-Khalifa, [[Mouloud Mammeri]], [[Frantz Fanon]], and [[Assia Djebar]].

[[File:Ahlem Mosteghanemi at Beirut Book Fair 2012.JPG|thumb|upright|right|[[Ahlam Mosteghanemi]], the most widely read female writer in the [[Arab world]]<ref>{{cite web |author= Honorary and Goodwill Ambassadors |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/algerian_novelist_ahlam_mosteghanemi_designated_unesco_artis/ |title=Algerian novelist Ahlem Mosteghanemi designated UNESCO artist for peace|website= United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |date=20 January 2017 |url-status=live |archive-date=7 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507062814/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/algerian_novelist_ahlam_mosteghanemi_designated_unesco_artis/}}</ref>]]
In the aftermath of the independence, several new authors emerged on the Algerian literary scene, they will attempt through their works to expose a number of social problems, among them there are [[Rachid Boudjedra]], [[Rachid Mimouni]], [[Leila Sebbar]], [[Tahar Djaout]] and [[Tahir Wattar]].

Currently, a part of Algerian writers tends to be defined in a literature of shocking expression, due to the terrorism that occurred during the 1990s, the other party is defined in a different style of literature who staged an individualistic conception of the human adventure. Among the most noted recent works, there is the writer, ''the swallows of Kabul'' and ''the attack'' of [[Yasmina Khadra]], ''the oath of barbarians'' of [[Boualem Sansal]], ''memory of the flesh'' of [[Ahlam Mosteghanemi]] and the last novel by Assia Djebar ''nowhere in my father's House''.

=== Cinema ===
{{Main|Cinema of Algeria}}
[[File:Mohamed LAKHDAR HAMINA.png|thumb|[[Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina]], one of the most prominent figures in contemporary Arabic cinema]]

The Algerian state's interest in film-industry activities can be seen in the annual budget of DZD 200 million (EUR 1.3&nbsp;million) allocated to production, specific measures and an ambitious programme plan implemented by the Ministry of Culture to promote national production, renovate the cinema stock and remedy the weak links in distribution and exploitation.

The financial support provided by the state, through the Fund for the Development of the Arts, Techniques and the Film Industry (FDATIC) and the Algerian Agency for Cultural Influence (AARC), plays a key role in the promotion of national production. Between 2007 and 2013, FDATIC subsidised 98 films (feature films, documentaries and short films). In mid-2013, AARC had already supported a total of 78 films, including 42 feature films, 6 short films and 30 documentaries.

According to the European Audiovisual Observatory's LUMIERE database, 41 Algerian films were distributed in Europe between 1996 and 2013; 21 films in this repertoire were Algerian-French co-productions. [[Days of Glory (2006 film)|''Days of Glory'' (2006)]] and [[Outside the Law (2010 film)|''Outside the Law'' (2010)]] recorded the highest number of admissions in the European Union, 3,172,612 and 474,722, respectively.<ref>Ali, Sahar (25 March 2014) [http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/412951/Rapport_Alg%C3%A9rie_FR_21-05-2014.pdf ALGÉRIE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203213653/http://www.obs.coe.int/documents/205595/412951/Rapport_Alg%C3%A9rie_FR_21-05-2014.pdf |date=3 February 2016 }}. European Audiovisual Observatory</ref>

Algeria won the {{Lang|fr|[[Palme d'Or]]|italic=no}} for ''[[Chronicle of the Years of Fire]]'' (1975), two Oscars for [[Z (1969 film)|''Z'' (1969)]], and other awards for the Italian-Algerian movie ''[[The Battle of Algiers]]''.

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Algerian cuisine}}
[[File:Couscous (Algérie, lieu exact non précisé).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7| [[Couscous]], the national dish of Algeria]]
Algerian cuisine is rich and diverse as a result of interactions and exchanges with other cultures and nations over the centuries.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 1998 v327">{{cite web | title=Culture, Traditions, Cuisine | website=Encyclopedia Britannica | date=August 12, 1998 | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria/Cultural-life | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=3 April 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230403191637/https://www.britannica.com/place/Algeria/Cultural-life | url-status=live }}</ref> It is based on both land and sea products. Conquests or demographic movement towards the Algerian territory were two of the main factors of exchanges between the different peoples and cultures. The Algerian cuisine is a mix of [[Arab cuisine|Arab]], [[Berber cuisine|Berber]], [[Turkish cuisine|Turkish]] and [[French cuisine|French]] roots.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-13 |title=The Cuisine of Algeria |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-cuisine-of-algeria.html |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=WorldAtlas|archive-date=19 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219171838/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-cuisine-of-algeria.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica 1998 v327"/>

Algerian cuisine offers a variety of dishes depending on the region and the season, but vegetables and [[cereal]]s remain at its core. Most of the Algerian dishes are centered around bread, meats (lamb, beef or poultry), olive oil, vegetables, and fresh herbs. Vegetables are often used for salads, soups, [[tajine]]s, [[couscous]], and sauce-based dishes. Of all the Algerian traditional dishes available, the most famous one is [[Algerian couscous|couscous]], recognized as a national dish.<ref name="ebin.pub 2005 h182">{{cite web | title=Food Cultures of the World Encyclopedia 4 volumes 0313376263, 9780313376269 | website=ebin.pub | date=June 10, 2005 | url=https://ebin.pub/food-cultures-of-the-world-encyclopedia-4-volumes-0313376263-9780313376269.html | page=17 | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=2 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402225500/https://ebin.pub/food-cultures-of-the-world-encyclopedia-4-volumes-0313376263-9780313376269.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Sports ===
{{Main|Sport in Algeria}}
[[File:Algérie_-_Arménie_-_20140531_-_Equipe_d'Algérie.jpg|thumb|The [[Algeria national football team]]]]
Various games have existed in Algeria since antiquity. In the [[Aurès Mountains|Aures]], people played several games such as El Kherba or El khergueba ([[chess]] variant). Playing cards, [[checkers]] and chess games are part of Algerian culture. Racing ([[Fantasia (culture)|fantasia]]) and [[rifle shooting]] are part of cultural recreation of the Algerians.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15001/Algeria/220546/Sports-and-recreation | title=Algeria :: Sports and recreation |website=Britannica Online Encyclopedia | access-date=9 December 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328233832/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15001/Algeria/220546/Sports-and-recreation | archive-date=28 March 2012 | url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Football in Algeria|Football]] is the most popular sport in the country. The [[Algeria national football team|Algerian national football team]], known as the Desert Foxes, has a strong fan base and has achieved success both domestically and internationally.<ref name="Amara Bouandel 2022 pp. 735–746">{{cite journal | last1=Amara | first1=Mahfoud | last2=Bouandel | first2=Youcef | title=Algeria and the FIFA World Cup: between political legitimization and regional rivalry | journal=Soccer & Society | volume=23 | issue=7 | date=2022-10-03 | issn=1466-0970 | doi=10.1080/14660970.2022.2108241 | pages=735–746| doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Liverpool University Press 2017 p. ">{{cite book | title=Algeria | publisher=Liverpool University Press | date=2017-12-01 | isbn=978-1-78694-021-6 | doi=10.5949/liverpool/9781786940216.003.0011 }}</ref>

Algeria has a long history in other sports such as [[Athletics in Algeria|athletics]], [[Boxing in Algeria|boxing]], [[Volleyball in Algeria|volleyball]], [[Handball in Algeria|handball]] and the study of [[Martial arts in Algeria|martial arts]].<ref name="Algeria b859">{{cite web | title=Recreations and Leisure | website=Algeria | url=https://algeriansareawesome.weebly.com/recreations-and-leisure.html | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=2 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402232629/https://algeriansareawesome.weebly.com/recreations-and-leisure.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Algerian athletes have [[Algeria at the Olympics|competed in the Olympic Games]] and have won medals in various events.<ref name="Verlete Sports 2020 a344">{{cite web | title=Global Sports Industry Data | website=Verlete Sports | date=February 12, 2020 | url=https://www.verlete.com/country/algeria/ | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=12 April 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412061815/https://www.verlete.com/country/algeria/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Many sports clubs and organisations exist in Algeria to promote and develop sports among young people.<ref name="SmartScraper 2024 d760">{{cite web | title=List Of Sports clubs in Algeria | website=SmartScraper | date=March 15, 2024 | url=https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/business-report-details/algeria/sports-clubs | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=2 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402232629/https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/business-report-details/algeria/sports-clubs | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Ministry of Youth and Sports]] in Algeria manages sport-related activities.<ref name="Devex e776">{{cite web | title=Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports (Algeria) (Ministry of Youth and Sports) | website=Devex | url=https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministere-de-la-jeunesse-et-des-sports-algeria-ministry-of-youth-and-sports-128824 | access-date=April 2, 2024 | archive-date=2 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402232636/https://www.devex.com/organizations/ministere-de-la-jeunesse-et-des-sports-algeria-ministry-of-youth-and-sports-128824 | url-status=live }}</ref>