Editing Adenosine triphosphate (section)

==History==
ATP was discovered in 1929 from muscle tissue by {{Interlanguage link|Karl Lohmann (biochemist)|lt=Karl Lohmann|de|Karl Lohmann (Biochemiker)}}<ref name="Myers" /><ref>{{cite journal |last=Lohmann |first=K. |title=Über die Pyrophosphatfraktion im Muskel |trans-title=On the pyrophosphate fraction in muscle |journal=Naturwissenschaften |volume=17 |issue=31 |pages=624–625 |date=August 1929 |doi=10.1007/BF01506215 |bibcode=1929NW.....17..624. |s2cid=20328411 |language=de}}</ref> and Jendrassik<ref>{{cite journal| title=The Determination of Phosphorus and the Discovery of Phosphocreatine and ATP: the Work of Fiske and SubbaRow| journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry| volume=277| issue=32| pages=e21| url=http://www.jbc.org/content/277/32/e21| year=2002| last1=Vaughan| first1=Martha| last2=Hill| first2=Robert L.| last3=Simoni| first3=Robert D.| pmid=12161449| access-date=2017-10-24| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808062708/http://www.jbc.org/content/277/32/e21| archive-date=2017-08-08| url-status=live}}</ref> and, independently, by Cyrus Fiske and [[Yellapragada Subba Rao]] of [[Harvard Medical School]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Maruyama |first=K. |title=The discovery of adenosine triphosphate and the establishment of its structure |journal=J. Hist. Biol. |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=145–154 |date=March 1991 |doi=10.1007/BF00130477 |s2cid=87425890 }}</ref> both teams competing against each other to find an assay for phosphorus.

It was proposed to be the intermediary between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by [[Fritz Albert Lipmann]] in 1941.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lipmann |first=F. |title=Metabolic generation and utilization of phosphate bond energy.  |journal=Adv. Enzymol. |volume=1 |pages=99–162 |year=1941 |issn=0196-7398}}</ref> He played a major role in establishing that ATP is the energy currency of a cell.<ref name="Myers">{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=Richard L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0AnJU-hralEC|title=The 100 Most Important Chemical Compounds: A Reference Guide|date=2007|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-33758-1|language=en|pages=18-19|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-date=17 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617093705/https://books.google.com/books?id=0AnJU-hralEC|url-status=live}}</ref>  

It was first synthesized in the laboratory by [[Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd|Alexander Todd]] in 1948,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/illpres/history.html| work=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997| title=History: ATP first discovered in 1929| publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| access-date=2010-05-26| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123061355/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/illpres/history.html| archive-date=2010-01-23| url-status=live}}</ref> and he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] in 1957 partly for this work.

The 1978 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] was awarded to [[Peter D. Mitchell|Peter Dennis Mitchell]] for the discovery of the [[Chemiosmosis|chemiosmotic]] mechanism of ATP synthesis.

The 1997 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was divided, one half jointly to [[Paul D. Boyer]] and [[John E. Walker]] "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)" and the other half to [[Jens C. Skou]] "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> -ATPase."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997|website=Nobel Prize |access-date=21 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024205633/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/|archive-date=24 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
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