Editing Ziad Jarrah (section)

== In the United States ==
[[File:Jarrah-2000-Flying-Florida.jpg|right|thumb|Jarrah flying in [[Florida]], December 2000]]
Jarrah apparently entered the United States on seven occasions, more than any other hijacker. On 25 May 2000, he applied for and received a five-year US [[B-1/B-2 Visa|B-1/B-2
(tourist/business) visa]] in Berlin. On 27 June 2000, he went to the US for the first time, arriving at [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark International Airport]]. He then traveled to [[Florida]] together with al-Shehhi and [[Mohamed Atta|Atta]], where the three men enrolled full-time at [[Huffman Aviation]], in [[Venice, Florida|Venice]]. Jarrah did not apply for a change in his status, from a tourist visa to a student visa, thus violating his immigration status.<ref name="travel">{{cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/staff_statements/911_TerrTrav_Monograph.pdf|title=Staff Monograph on 9/11 and Terrorist Travel|publisher=9/11 Commission|year=2004}}</ref>

Jarrah was enrolled in flight school for six months, from June 2000 to 15 January 2001. At the flight school, many of his classmates remember him fondly, describing him as kind and trustworthy, and remember him drinking beer occasionally.<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/docs/911/911Report-180.html 9-11 Report]. p. 163. Retrieved on September 19, 2006.</ref> Jarrah was unique among the hijackers in that he did not live with any other hijackers, but rather with a German student named Thorsten Biermann. Biermann did not observe Jarrah acting particularly religiously or overtly politically. Jarrah occasionally flew back to Germany to visit '''Aysel Şengün''' (alternate spelling '''Aysel Senguen'''), his Turkish-German girlfriend, and called or e-mailed her nearly every day.

Rudi Dekkers, a [[Dutch people|Dutchman]] and the flight instructor of Huffman Aviation, was interviewed after the attacks in 2001 by authorities. According to Dekkers, both Jarrah and al-Shehhi were good students, unlike Atta, who misbehaved and refused to follow instructions. Dekkers told Atta that he was going to kick him out of the school if his behavior did not change, and as a response, Atta's behavior began to improve. Dekkers also said that he went with al-Shehhi and Jarrah to a bar in [[Sarasota, Florida]] named Shamrock Pub after one of their flight lessons. At the bar, they talked to Dekkers about their plans after getting their pilot licenses, and Jarrah said to Dekkers "I got a job lined up and we are planning to become pilots."

Jarrah had obtained his license to fly small aircraft in August 2000, and began training to fly large jets later that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|title=The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|date=2004}} p. 224</ref> He flew to Beirut to visit his family, and then to Germany to visit his girlfriend, Şengün. He brought her back to the United States for a ten-day visit, and she even attended a flight school session with him. In late January 2001, he again flew to Beirut to visit his father, who was ill, and then to Germany to visit his girlfriend. He returned to the United States once again in late February. His behavior was markedly different from the other hijackers, who broke off all familial and romantic relations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|title=The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|date=2004}} p. 227</ref>

On his way back to the US, he passed through the [[United Arab Emirates]], according to that country's officials, where he was initially reported as having been interviewed by authorities on 30 January 2001, at the request of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].<ref name="MacVicar">{{cite news|first1=Sheiula|last1=MacVicar|first2=Caroline|last2=Faraj|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/08/01/cia.hijacker/index.html|title=September 11 hijacker questioned in January 2001|website=[[CNN]]|publisher=[[Turner Broadcasting Systems]]|location=Atlanta, Georgia|date=August 1, 2002|access-date=September 8, 2006|archive-date=September 15, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915124350/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/08/01/cia.hijacker/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He allegedly admitted to having been to Afghanistan and [[Pakistan]],<ref name="MacVicar" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Hijacker held, freed before Sept. 11 attack|last=Crewdson|first=John|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=December 13, 2001}}</ref> although the CIA has since denied the claim and the ''[[9/11 Commission Report]]'' does not mention it. The Florida flight school where Jarrah had been studying also said he was in school there until 15 January 2001.<ref>{{cite book|last=Longman|first=Jere|title=Among the Heroes|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|location=New York City|date=2002|isbn=0-7432-3098-1|pages=101–102}}</ref>
[[File:Ziad Jarrah Drivers License.jpg|thumb|Ziad Jarrah's Florida drivers license, which he received on May 2, 2001]]
On May 2, Jarrah and Atta were in [[Lauderdale Lakes, Florida]] to get Florida driver’s licenses, the same day that [[Marwan al-Shehhi|al-Shehhi]] returned to [[Miami]] after visiting Atta’s father in [[Cairo]] to pick up Atta’s international driver’s license and some money. 

On 6 May, Jarrah, Atta, and Al-Shehhi registered for a two-month membership at the US1 Fitness Center, a gym in [[Dania Beach, Florida]]—they would later renew their membership for two more months, and eventually had lessons in close-quarters combat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Officials Told of 'Major Assault' Plans|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-092001probe.story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010923042516/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-092001probe.story|archive-date=September 23, 2001|last=Serrano|first=Richard A.|author2=John-thor Dahlburg |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|url-status=dead|date=September 20, 2001}}</ref><ref name="Forty lives">{{cite news|title=Flight 93: Forty lives, one destiny |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/headlines/20011028flt93mainstoryp7.asp |last=Roddy |first=Dennis B. |author-link=Dennis Roddy |publisher=PG Publishing |newspaper=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|date=October 28, 2001 |access-date=November 2, 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011102012349/http://www.post-gazette.com/headlines/20011028flt93mainstoryp7.asp |archive-date=November 2, 2001 }}</ref> It is believed that sometime in that month, [[Ahmed al-Haznawi]], who arrived on June 8, moved in with Jarrah. Jarrah rented a new apartment in [[Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, Florida|Lauderdale-by-the-Sea]] after both men gave the landlord photocopies of their German passports, which he later turned over to the FBI.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Andres|last1=Viglucci|first2=Manny|last2=Garcia |title=Hijack plotters used S. Florida as a cradle for conspiracy|url=http://www.miami.com/herald/special/news/worldtrade/digdocs/046328.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010916000118/http://www.miami.com/herald/special/news/worldtrade/digdocs/046328.htm|archive-date=September 16, 2001|date=September 15, 2001|newspaper=[[The Miami Herald]]|access-date=September 8, 2006}}</ref>

According to the ''[[9/11 Commission Report]]'', Jarrah took surveillance flights in the summer of 2001 from [[Baltimore]] to [[Las Vegas]] watching the operations of the flight crew. The other two pilots Atta and Al-Shehhi went on surveillance flights in May and June 2001, Atta flew from [[Boston]] via Las Vegas while Al-Shehhi flew from [[New York City]] via Las Vegas and the 3 Hamburg Pilots went on surveillance flights from the [[United States]] to [[Europe]] in the summer of 2001. 

On 25 June, Jarrah took Haznawi to Holy Cross Hospital in [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], on the advice of his landlord. Haznawi was treated by Dr. Christos Tsonas, who gave him antibiotics for a cut on his left calf. While he told staff that he had bumped into a suitcase,<ref>{{cite news|last=Fainaru|first=Steve|author2=Ceci Connolly |url=http://www.ph.ucla.edu/EPI/bioter/memoroilsanthraxprobe.html|title=Memo on Florida Case Roils Anthrax Probe |date=March 29, 2002|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=September 8, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610221325/http://www.ph.ucla.edu/EPI/bioter/memoroilsanthraxprobe.html|url-status=live|archive-date=June 10, 2011}}</ref> the media briefly reported it as a sign of [[anthrax|cutaneous anthrax]], hoping to show a link to the [[2001 anthrax attacks]], although the FBI later addressed the rumors, stating that "exhaustive testing did not support that anthrax was present anywhere the hijackers had been."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2002/US/03/23/anthrax/|title=Report raises question of anthrax, hijacker link|date=March 23, 2002|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=September 8, 2006}}</ref>

In mid-July 2001, some of the hijackers and members of the Hamburg cell gathered near [[Salou]], [[Spain]], for a period of a few days up to a couple of weeks. There seemed to be tension between Jarrah and Atta about the plot in its late stages. Atta had complained to [[Ramzi bin al-Shibh]] about his difficulty in getting through to Jarrah and his fear that Jarrah might withdraw from the plot completely. On 25 July, Jarrah flew to Germany on a one-way ticket and again met with his girlfriend, the last time she saw him (though they would talk by telephone at least once more). Later, he met with bin al-Shibh who convinced Jarrah to go through with the operation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf|title=The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|date=2004|page=246}}</ref> Jarrah arrived back in the United States on 5 August, though other sources indicate that he took his pilot's test on 2 August, having missed his sister's wedding to do so.<ref name="CJW Friends">{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Carol J.|title=Friends of terror suspect say allegations make no sense|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sns-worldtrade-jarrah-lat.story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020203214236/http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/southflorida/sns-worldtrade-jarrah-lat.story|archive-date=February 3, 2002|date=October 23, 2001|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 8, 2006}}</ref> On 27 August, he checked into the Pin-Del Motel in [[Laurel, Maryland]], only a mile away from the Valencia Motel, where four other hijackers were staying.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/thepilot/timeline.html |title=Life of a 9/11 Hijacker |publisher=CBC News |date=October 10, 2001 |format=photos|access-date=January 23, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050123023057/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/thepilot/timeline.html |archive-date=January 23, 2005 }}</ref> On 7 September 2001, all four of the Flight 93 hijackers flew from [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] to [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark International Airport]] aboard [[Spirit Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement for the Record, FBI Director Robert S. Mueller III|url=https://fas.org/irp/congress/2002_hr/092602mueller.html|publisher=Joint Intelligence Committee Inquiry|access-date=September 13, 2006}}</ref>

In the early morning hours of 9 September 2001, Jarrah was pulled over for speeding in [[Maryland]] and received a ticket.<ref>{{cite book|title=The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States|date=2004|page=253}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.911myths.com/images/7/74/Ziad_Jarrah_Traffic_Stop.rm|title=Video of Ziad Jarrah traffic stop|date=September 9, 2001|access-date=April 26, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220094253/http://911myths.com/images/7/74/Ziad_Jarrah_Traffic_Stop.rm|archive-date=December 20, 2007}}</ref> Jarrah phoned his parents later that day, mentioning that he had received the money order they had sent five days earlier.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web | title=The Pilot – Story of Zaid Samir Jarrah | website=CBC the fifth estate | date=January 19, 2005 | url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/thepilot/story.html | access-date=November 17, 2021}}</ref> He told them he intended to see them on 22 September for his cousin's wedding.<ref name="autogenerated1" />

On 10 September, Jarrah spent his final evening writing a letter to Şengün, with whom he had made marriage plans. This letter is widely interpreted as a [[suicide note]]. The letter did not reach Şengün; she had entered witness protection shortly after the attacks and her apartment was unattended. The letter was returned to the United States by the German postal service, where it was discovered and delivered to the FBI.<ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Carol J.|title=Love Letter Written by Suspected Hijacker Reportedly Surfaces|url=http://ktla.trb.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-111801letter.story|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040604014007/http://ktla.trb.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-111801letter.story|archive-date=June 4, 2004|date=November 18, 2001|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=September 8, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/thepilot/note.html |title=Final Note to Aysel from Jarrah |publisher=CBC News |date=January 19, 2005 |access-date=February 24, 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050224110404/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/thepilot/note.html |archive-date=February 24, 2005 }}</ref> The note contained the phrases "I did what I had to" and "It is a great honour and you will see the result, and everyone will be celebrating."<ref>{{cite news|first=Kate|last=Connolly|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/nov/18/terrorism.september111|title='I did what I had to,' says suicide pilot's last letter|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=November 18, 2001|access-date=February 25, 2019}}</ref>

According to one source, Jarrah had set up a large mock [[cockpit]] made of cardboard boxes in his apartment just before the attacks.<ref name="Forty lives" />