Editing Zagreb (section)

===Early Zagreb===
The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 when the [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|King Ladislaus]], returning from his campaign against the [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Kingdom of Croatia]], founded a diocese. Alongside the bishop's [[Episcopal see|see]], the canonical settlement [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]] developed north of [[Zagreb Cathedral]], as did the fortified settlement [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] on the neighbouring hill, with the border between the two formed by the Medveščak stream.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Hawkesworth |first= Celia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBSxMUKFJDEC&q=border+between+the+two+being+the+Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak+stream&pg=PA18 |title= Zagreb: A Cultural and Literary History |date= 2007 |publisher= Signal Books |isbn= 978-1-904955-30-6 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060325/https://books.google.com/books?id=eBSxMUKFJDEC&q=border+between+the+two+being+the+Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak+stream&pg=PA18 |url-status=live }}</ref> Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town ([[Gornji Grad – Medveščak|Gornji Grad]]) and is one of the best-preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. Both settlements came under [[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongol]] attack in 1242.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Oliver |first= Jeanne |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=j2DTBgAAQBAJ&q=zagreb+1242+tatar+attack&pg=PT28 |title= Croatia Traveller's Zagreb and Beyond: A practical guide to visiting Zagreb, Croatia |date= 2015-02-26 |publisher= Croatia Traveller |isbn= 978-1-311-66016-9 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060336/https://books.google.com/books?id=j2DTBgAAQBAJ&q=zagreb+1242+tatar+attack&pg=PT28 |url-status= live }}</ref> As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Mongols, the Croatian and Hungarian [[Béla IV of Hungary|King Béla IV]] granted Gradec the [[Golden Bull of 1242]], which gave its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as their own [[judiciary|judicial system]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Zofia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFw1DgAAQBAJ&q=golden+bull+of+1242&pg=PT92 |title= Genghis Khan: A Biography |date= 2017-03-01 |publisher= Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn= 978-93-86367-11-2 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060439/https://books.google.com/books?id=aFw1DgAAQBAJ&q=golden+bull+of+1242&pg=PT92 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=551sGYrx3pAC&q=zlatna+bula+1242&pg=PA17 |title= Zagreb: turistički vodič |date= 1970 |publisher= Masmedia d.o.o. |isbn= 978-953-157-464-8 |language= hr |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060336/https://books.google.com/books?id=551sGYrx3pAC&q=zlatna+bula+1242&pg=PA17 |url-status= live }}</ref>