Editing Zabrze (section)

===Early 20th century===
In 1905, the Zabrze commune was formed by the former communes Alt-Zabrze, Klein-Zabrze and Dorotheendorf. The Zabrze commune was renamed ''Hindenburg'' in 1915 in honour of [[Generalfeldmarschall]] [[Paul von Hindenburg]]. The name change was approved by Emperor [[Wilhelm II]] on 21 February 1915.<ref name="UM">[http://www.um.zabrze.pl/mieszkancy/miasto/historia/hindenburg Historia – Hindenburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501095304/http://www.um.zabrze.pl/mieszkancy/miasto/historia/hindenburg |date=1 May 2019 }} at the official website of Zabrze</ref> Up until then, it was one of the few cities whose Polish name was retained during German rule.

In 1904 the [[Polish Sokół movement|"Sokół" Polish Gymnastic Society]] in Zabrze was established, which was also a Polish patriotic and pro-independence organization.<ref name=SOK>{{cite web |url=https://historia-zabrza.pl/polskie-towarzystwo-gimnastyczne-sokolw-zabrzu/|title=Polskie Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół" w Zabrzu, Historia Zabrza|date=31 July 2016 |access-date=10 June 2019}}</ref> As a result of the Prussian harassment it was liquidated in 1911, but it was reactivated twice, in 1913 and 1918.<ref>''Encyklopedia powstań śląskich'', Instytut Śląski w Opolu, Opole, 1982, p. 637</ref><ref name=SOK/> Its members took an active part in the post-war plebiscite campaign and the [[Silesian uprisings]].<ref name=SOK/>