Editing Yellowstone National Park (section)

=== Automobiles and further development ===
[[File:Horace colorized.png|thumb|Superintendent [[Horace M. Albright]] and [[American black bear|black bears]] (1922). Tourists often fed black bears in the park's early years, with 527 injuries reported from 1931 to 1939.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jordan Fisher Smith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsAgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA37 |title=Engineering Eden |date=June 7, 2016 |publisher=Crown/Archetype |isbn=978-0307454263 |page=37 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211062201/https://books.google.com/books?id=OsAgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37 |archive-date=February 11, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
By 1915, 1,000 automobiles per year were entering the park, resulting in conflicts with horses and horse-drawn transportation. Horse travel on roads was eventually prohibited.<ref name="cars">{{cite web |title=Yellowstone National Park's First 130 Years |website=Yellowstone History |publisher=National Park Service |url=http://windowsintowonderland.org/history/army&nps/page17.htm |access-date=April 1, 2007 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414205203/http://windowsintowonderland.org/history/army%26nps/page17.htm |archive-date=April 14, 2012 }}</ref>

The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] (CCC), a [[New Deal]] relief agency for young men, played a major role between 1933 and 1942 in developing Yellowstone facilities. CCC projects included reforestation, campground development of many of the park's trails and campgrounds, trail construction, fire hazard reduction, and fire-fighting work. The CCC built the majority of the early visitor centers, campgrounds, and the current system of park roads.<ref>Matthew A. Redinger, "The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Development of Glacier and Yellowstone Parks, 1933–1942", ''Pacific Northwest Forum'', 1991, Vol. 4 Issue 2, pp.&nbsp;3–17</ref>

During World War&nbsp;II, tourist travel fell sharply, staffing was cut, and many facilities fell into disrepair.<ref name="ww">{{cite web |last=Rydell |first=Kiki Leigh |author2=Mary Shivers Culpin |title=Mission 66 in Yellowstone National Park 1941–1965 |website=A History of Administrative Development in Yellowstone National Park, 1872–1965 |publisher=Yellowstone National Park |date=July 5, 2006 |url=http://64.241.25.110/yell/pdfs/history/administration/chapter7.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070616094303/http://64.241.25.110/yell/pdfs/history/administration/chapter7.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 16, 2007 |access-date=April 1, 2007 }}</ref> By the 1950s, visitation increased tremendously in Yellowstone and other national parks. To accommodate the increased visitation, park officials implemented [[Mission&nbsp;66]], an effort to modernize and expand park service facilities. Planned to be completed by 1966, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the National Park Service, Mission&nbsp;66 construction diverged from the traditional [[Log cabin|log cabin style]] with design features of a modern style.<ref name="Allaback">{{cite web |last=Allaback |first=Sarah |title=Mission 66 Visitor Centers |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |year=2000 |url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/allaback/ |access-date=February 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311181142/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/allaback/ |archive-date=March 11, 2007 }}</ref> During the late 1980s, most construction styles in Yellowstone reverted to the more traditional designs. After the enormous forest fires of 1988 damaged much of [[Grant Village]], structures there were rebuilt in the traditional style. The visitor center at [[Yellowstone National Park Canyon Village Lodge|Canyon Village]], which opened in 2006, incorporates a more traditional design as well.<ref name="center">{{cite web |title=Canyon Area NPS Visitor Facilities |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |date=August 22, 2006 |url=http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/canyonvc.htm |access-date=April 8, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070505005115/http://www.nps.gov/yell/planyourvisit/canyonvc.htm |archive-date=May 5, 2007 }}</ref>
[[File:Yellowstone North Gate.jpg|thumb|left|alt=A large arch made of irregular-shaped natural stone over a road|The [[Roosevelt Arch]] in [[Gardiner, Montana]], at the north entrance]]

The [[1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake]] just west of Yellowstone at [[Hebgen Lake]] damaged roads and some structures in the park. In the northwest section of the park, new geysers were found, and many existing hot springs became turbid.<ref name="earthquake">{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1959_08_18.php |title=Largest Earthquake in Montana |website=Historic Earthquakes |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=January 24, 2007 |access-date=March 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070608215433/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1959_08_18.php |archive-date=June 8, 2007 }}</ref> It was the most powerful earthquake to hit the region in recorded history.
[[File:HFCA 1607 NPS 1972 Centennial, NBC Today Show 035.jpg (35a86faa2bbe433c831de71a4c03bb48).jpg|thumb|[[National Park Service|NPS]] staff sitting on the set for the 1972 Centennial for the creation of the first National Park, in a [[NBC Today Show]]. Left to right: [[George B. Hartzog Jr.|George Hartzog]], William Everhart, [[Frank McGee (journalist)|Frank McGee]] and Jack K. Anderson.]]
In 1963, after several years of public controversy regarding the forced reduction of the elk population in Yellowstone, the United States Secretary of the Interior [[Stewart Udall]] appointed an advisory board to collect scientific data to inform future wildlife management of the national parks. In a paper known as the [[Leopold Report]], the committee observed that culling programs at other national parks had been ineffective, and recommended the management of Yellowstone's elk population.<ref>{{cite web |last=Leopold |first=A. Starker |year=1963 |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/leopold/leopold4.htm |title=The Goal of Park Management in the United States |website=Wildlife Management in the National Parks |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=September 19, 2009 |display-authors=etal |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203014213/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/leopold/leopold4.htm |archive-date=December 3, 2009 }}</ref>

The [[wildfire]]s during the summer of 1988 were the largest in the history of the park. Approximately {{convert|793880|acre|km2 mi2|sigfig=3}} or 36% of the parkland was impacted by the fires, leading to a systematic re-evaluation of fire management policies. The fire season of 1988 was considered normal until a combination of drought and heat by mid-July contributed to an extreme fire danger. On "[[Yellowstone fires of 1988|Black Saturday]]", August 20, 1988, strong winds expanded the fires rapidly, and more than {{convert|150000|acre|km2 mi2}} burned.<ref name="fires">{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/fire.htm |title=Wildland Fire in Yellowstone |publisher=National Park Service |date=July 26, 2006 |access-date=February 28, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007110423/http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/fire.htm |archive-date=October 7, 2006 }}</ref>

On October 1, 2013, Yellowstone National Park closed due to the [[2013 United States federal government shutdown]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/yellowstone_national_park/government-shutdown-closes-yellowstone-national-park-impacts-economy/article_8f43dea0-2a2b-11e3-9d26-001a4bcf887a.html |title=Government shutdown closes Yellowstone National Park, impacts economy |publisher=Bozeman Daily Chronicle |date=September 30, 2013 |access-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-date=November 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101151810/https://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/news/yellowstone_national_park/government-shutdown-closes-yellowstone-national-park-impacts-economy/article_8f43dea0-2a2b-11e3-9d26-001a4bcf887a.html |url-status=live }}</ref>