Editing Wiretapping (section)

===Canada===
In Canadian law, police are allowed to wiretap without the authorization from a court when there is the risk for imminent harm, such as [[kidnapping]] or a [[bomb threat]].<ref name="C-55 leg sum">{{Cite web |url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/LegislativeSummaries/411C55E |title=Legislative Summary of Bill C-55: An Act to amend the Criminal Code (Response to the Supreme Court of Canada Decision in R. v. Tse Act) |last1=Kirkby |first1=Cynthia |last2=Valiquet |first2=Dominique |date=2013-02-26 |website=Legal and Legislative Affairs Division, Parliamentary Information and Research Service |publisher=Library of Parliament |id=41-1-C-55-E}}</ref> They must believe that the interception is immediately necessary to prevent an unlawful act that could cause serious harm to any person or to property. This was introduced by [[Rob Nicholson]] on February 11, 2013, and is also known as Bill C-55.<ref name="C-55 leg sum" /> The Supreme Court gave Parliament twelve months to rewrite a new law. [[Anti-terrorism Act, 2015|Bill C-51]] (also known as the Anti-Terrorism Act) was then released in 2015, which transformed the Canadian Security Intelligence Service from an intelligence-gathering agency to an agency actively engaged in countering national security threats.

Legal protection extends to 'private communications' where the participants would not expect unintended persons to learn the content of the communication. A single participant can legally, and covertly record a conversation. Otherwise police normally need a judicial warrant based upon probable grounds to record a conversation they are not a part of. In order to be valid wiretap authorization must state: 1) the offense being investigated by the wiretap, 2) the type of communication, 3) the identity of the people or places targeted, 4) the period of validity (60 days from issue).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.freelegalhelp.ca/evidence.html |title=Rules of Evidence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207020150/http://www.freelegalhelp.ca/evidence.html |archive-date=2017-02-07}}</ref>