Editing West Pakistan (section)

===Parliamentary democracy===
{{Main|Democracy in Pakistan}}
[[File:Invitation to Pakistan.ogv|right|thumb|Jacqueline Kennedy visiting West Pakistan, c. 1960.]]
From the time of its establishment, the [[State of Pakistan]] had the vision of a federal parliamentary democratic republic form of government. With the founding fathers remaining in West Pakistan, [[Liaquat Ali Khan]] was appointed the [[List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan|country's first]] [[Prime minister of Pakistan|prime minister]], with [[Mohammad Ali Jinnah]] as [[Governor-General of Pakistan|Governor-General]]. West Pakistan claimed the [[exclusive mandate]] over all of Pakistan, with the majority of the [[Pakistan Movement]]'s leading figures in West Pakistan. In 1949, the [[Constituent Assembly of Pakistan|Constituent Assembly]] passed the [[Objectives Resolution]] and the [[Annex to the Constitution of Pakistan]], paving the road to a [[Liberal democracy|Westernized]] [[Federation|federal]] [[parliamentary republic]]. The work on parliamentary reforms was constituted by the constituent assembly the year after, in 1950.

The western section of Pakistan dominated the politics of the new country. Although East Pakistan had over half of the population, it had a disproportionately small number of seats in the Constituent Assembly. This inequality of the two wings and the geographical distance between them was believed to be holding up the adoption of a new [[Constitution of Pakistan|constitution]]. To diminish the differences between the two regions, the government decided to reorganise the country into two distinct provinces.

Under the [[One Unit]] policy announced by Prime Minister [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]] on 22 November 1954, the four provinces and territories of western Pakistan were integrated into one unit to mirror the single province in the east. The state of West Pakistan was established by the merger of the provinces, states, and tribal areas of West Pakistan. The province was composed of twelve [[Subdivisions of Pakistan#History of Pakistan|divisions]] and the provincial capital was established at [[Karachi]]. Later the state capital moved to [[Lahore]], and it was finally established in [[Islamabad]] in 1965. The province of [[East Bengal]] was renamed [[East Pakistan]] with the provincial [[state capital]] at [[Dhaka]] (Dacca).

Clashes between West Pakistan and East Pakistan soon erupted, further destabilising the entire country. The two states had different political ideologies{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} and different lingual cultural aspect. West Pakistan had been founded on the main basis of a parliamentary democracy (and had a [[parliamentary republic]] form of government since 1947), with Islam as its state religion. In contrast, East Pakistan had been a [[socialist state]] since the [[Elections in Pakistan|1954 elections]],{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} with [[state secularism]] proclaimed.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} West Pakistan sided with the United States and her [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO allies]], whilst East Pakistan remained sympathetic to the [[Soviet Union]] and her [[Eastern Bloc]].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} Pakistan's [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 constitution]] validated the parliamentary form of government, with Islam as state religion and Urdu, English and Bengali as state languages. The 1956 constitution also established the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] as well as the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]].

Ethnic and [[1953 Lahore riots|religious violence]] in [[Lahore]], which began in 1953, spread all over the country. [[Muhammad Ali Bogra]], prime minister of Pakistan, declared martial law in Lahore to curb the violence. This inter-communal violence soon spread to India, and a [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|regional conflict]] put West Pakistan and India in a war-threatening situation. The prime ministers of Pakistan and India held an emergency meeting in Lahore.