Editing West Nile fever (section)

===Virology===
{{Main|West Nile virus}}
[[File:WNV life cycle.jpg|right|thumb|West Nile virus life cycle. After binding and uptake, the virion envelope fuses with cellular membranes, followed by uncoating of the nucleocapsid and release of the RNA genome into the cytoplasm. The viral genome serves as messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation of all viral proteins and as template during RNA replication. Copies are subsequently packaged within new virus particles that are transported in vesicles to the cell membrane.]]
WNV is one of the [[Japanese encephalitis]] antigenic [[Serotype|serocomplex]] of viruses.<ref>{{cite journal | pmc=3337329 | pmid=22309667 | doi=10.1586/erv.11.180 | volume=11 | issue=2 | title=Feasibility of cross-protective vaccination against flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex | year=2012 | journal=Expert Rev Vaccines | pages=177–87 |vauthors=Lobigs M, Diamond MS }}</ref>
Image reconstructions and [[cryoelectron microscopy]] reveal a 45–50&nbsp;nm [[virion]] covered with a relatively smooth [[protein]] surface. This structure is similar to the [[dengue fever]] virus; both belong to the genus ''[[Flavivirus]]'' within the family ''[[Flaviviridae]]''. The genetic material of WNV is a [[Sense (molecular biology)|positive-sense]], single strand of [[RNA]], which is between 11,000 and 12,000 [[nucleotide]]s long; these [[genes]] encode seven nonstructural proteins and three structural proteins. The RNA strand is held within a nucleocapsid formed from 12-[[kDa]] protein blocks; the capsid is contained within a host-derived [[Biological membrane|membrane]] altered by two viral membrane proteins.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Home - PMC - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>

West Nile virus has been seen to replicate faster and spread more easily to birds at higher temperatures; one of several ways climate change could affect the epidemiology of this disease.<ref name=Paz2015/>