Editing Weimar culture (section)

== Science ==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2009}}
{{main|History of quantum mechanics}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-10590, Propeller-Eisenbahn auf der Versuchsstrecke.jpg|thumb|This prototype high-speed train travelled at 230 km per hour from Hamburg to Berlin, 1931. It was built by the Krukenberg engineering company.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12247, Berlin, Büroausstellung.jpg|thumb|An early calculator shown at an office technology exhibition, Berlin, 1931. It was promoted as costing 3500 marks.]]
Many foundational contributions to [[quantum mechanics]] were made in Weimar Germany or by German scientists during the Weimar period. While temporarily at the University of Copenhagen, German physicist [[Werner Heisenberg]] formulated his [[Uncertainty principle]], and, with [[Max Born]] and [[Pascual Jordan]], accomplished the first complete and correct definition of quantum mechanics, through the invention of [[Matrix mechanics]].<ref>''[http://www.vub.ac.be/CLEA/IQSA/history.html History of Quantum Structures and IQSA - The Birth of Quantum Mechanics]''</ref>

[[Göttingen]] was the center of research in [[aerodynamics|aero-]] and [[fluid dynamics|fluid-dynamics]] in the early 20th century. Mathematical aerodynamics was founded by [[Ludwig Prandtl]] before [[World War I]], and the work continued at Göttingen until interfered with in the 1930s and prohibited in the late 1940s. It was there that [[Compressible flow|compressibility drag]] and its reduction in aircraft was first understood. A striking example of this is the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]], which was designed in 1939, but resembles a modern jet transport more that it did other tactical aircraft of its time.

[[Albert Einstein]] rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]] in 1921. He was forced to flee Germany and the Nazi regime in 1933.

Physician [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] established the [[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]] (Institute for [[Sexology]]) in 1919, and it remained open until 1933. Hirschfeld believed that an understanding of [[homosexuality]] could be arrived at through science. Hirschfeld was a vocal advocate for homosexual, [[Bisexuality|bisexual]], and [[transgender]] legal rights for men and women, repeatedly petitioning parliament for legal changes. His Institute also included a museum. The Institute, museum and the Institute's library and archives were all destroyed by the Nazi regime in 1933.

In German-speaking Vienna, Mathematician [[Kurt Gödel]] published his groundbreaking ''[[Gödel's incompleteness theorems|Incompleteness Theorem]]'' during the Weimar years.<ref>Selz, pp.27</ref>