Editing Week (section)

==Days of the week==
{{Main|Names of the days of the week}}
[[File: Italian - Bracelet - Walters 41269.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|An Italian [[cameo (carving)|cameo]] bracelet representing the days of the week by their eponymous deities (mid-19th century, [[Walters Art Museum]])]]
[[File: Weekday heptagram.svg|thumb|Schematic comparison of the ordering of the classical planets (arranged in a circle) and the sequence of days in the week (forming a {7/3} [[heptagram]] within the circle).]]

The days of the week were named for the seven [[classical planet]]s, which included the Sun and Moon. This naming system persisted alongside an "ecclesiastical" tradition of numbering the days in [[ecclesiastical Latin]] beginning with ''Dominica'' (the [[Lord's Day]]) as the first day. The Greco-Roman gods associated with the classical planets were rendered in their ''[[interpretatio germanica]]'' at some point during the late Roman Empire, yielding the Germanic tradition of names based on indigenous deities.

The ordering of the weekday names is not the classical order of the planets (by distance in the [[planetary spheres]] model, which is Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn; nor, equivalently, by their apparent speed of movement in the night sky). Instead, the [[planetary hours]] systems resulted in succeeding days being named for planets that are three places apart in their traditional listing. This characteristic was apparently discussed in [[Plutarch]] in a treatise written in c. 100 CE, which is reported to have addressed the question of ''Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?'' (the text of Plutarch's treatise has been lost).<ref>E. G. Richards, ''Mapping Time, the Calendar and History'', Oxford 1999. p. 269.</ref> [[Dio Cassius]] (early 3rd century) gives two explanations in a section of his ''Historia Romana'' after mentioning the Jewish practice of sanctifying the day called the day of [[Cronus|Kronos]] (Saturday).<ref name=Dio>{{cite book |last1=Dio Cassius |title=Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία |url=http://www.poesialatina.it/_ns/Greek/testi/Cassius/Historiae_Romanae37.html}} Book 37, Sections 16-19. [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/37*.html#note11 English translation].</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| || [[Sunday]] || [[Monday]] || [[Tuesday]] || [[Wednesday]] || [[Thursday]] || [[Friday]] || [[Saturday]]
|-
|Planet
| [[Planets in astrology#Sun|Sun]]
| [[Moon (astrology)|Moon]]
| [[Mars (astrology)|Mars]]
| [[Mercury (astrology)|Mercury]]
| [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]]
| [[Venus (astrology)|Venus]]
| [[Saturn (astrology)|Saturn]]
|-
| Greco-Roman deity
| [[Helios]]-[[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]]
| [[Selene]]-[[Luna (goddess)|Luna]]
| [[Ares]]-[[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]
| [[Hermes]]-[[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]
| [[Zeus]]-[[Iuppiter|Jupiter]]
| [[Aphrodite]]-[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]
| [[Cronus]]-[[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]
|-
| [[Koine Greek|Greek]]:<ref name=Dio/>
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Ἡλίου}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Σελήνης}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Ἄρεως}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Ἑρμοῦ}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Διός}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Ἀφροδίτης}}
| {{lang|grc|ἡμέρα Κρόνου}}
|-
| [[Classical Latin|Latin]]:
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Solis|dies Sōlis]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Lunae|dies Lūnae]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Martis|dies Martis]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Mercurii|dies Mercuriī]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Iovis|dies Iovis]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Veneris|dies Veneris]]}}
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[:la:Dies Saturni|dies Saturnī]]}}
|-
| {{lang|la|cat=0|[[interpretatio germanica]]}}
| [[Sól (Norse mythology)|Sun]] || [[Máni|Moon]] || [[Týr|Tiwaz]] || [[Wodanaz]] || [[Donar|Þunraz]] || [[Frige]] || — 
|-
| [[Old English]] || {{lang|ang|sunnandæg}} || {{lang|ang|mōnandæg}} || {{lang|ang|tiwesdæg}} || {{lang|ang|wōdnesdæg}} || {{lang|ang|þunresdæg}} || {{lang|ang|frīgedæg}} || {{lang|ang|sæterndæg}}
|-
| [[Indian religions|Indian]] [[Navagraha]] 
| [[Surya|Suryavāra/]] 
[[Ravivar|Ravivāra/Bhānuvāsara/]][[Sunday|Ādityavāra]]
| [[Chandra|Chandravāra/]]
[[Chandra|Somavāra/]]

Induvāsara
| [[Mangala]]vāra/ Bhaumavāsara || [[Budha]]vāra/
Saumyavāsara
| [[Bṛhaspati|Guruvāra]]/[[Bṛhaspati]]vāsara
| [[Shukra]]vāra/ [[Bṛhaspati|Bhṛguvāsara]]|| [[Shani]]vāra/
Sthiravāsara
|}

An ecclesiastical, non-astrological, system of numbering the days of the week was adopted in Late Antiquity. This model also seems to have influenced (presumably via [[Gothic Christianity|Gothic]]) the designation of Wednesday as "mid-week" in [[Old High German]] ({{lang|goh|mittawehha}}) and [[Old Church Slavonic]] ({{lang|cu|срѣда}}, srěda, literally, ''middle day''). Old Church Slavonic may have also modeled the name of Monday, {{lang|cu|понєдѣльникъ}} (literally, ''the day after Sunday''), after the Latin {{lang|la|feria Secunda}}.<ref>Max Vasmer, {{lang|de|Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch}}, s.v. {{lang|ru|понедельник}}. However, the Slavic languages later introduced a secondary numbering system that names Tuesday as the "second day".<!-- Wiktionary claims "въторъкъ" as OCS, but Vasmer does not recognize an OCS precedent to Russian вторник, so it is unclear when this system was introduced.--></ref>

The ecclesiastical system became prevalent in [[Eastern Christianity]], but in the [[Latin Christianity|Latin West]] it remains extant only in modern [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]], [[Galician language|Galician]], and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]].<ref>the latter specifically due to the influence of [[Martin of Braga]], 6th-century archbishop of [[Braga]]. {{cite book|author=Richard A. Fletcher|title=The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RB5aWgr7l-gC&pg=PA257|year=1999|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-21859-8|page=257}}{{cite book|last=McKenna|first=Stephen|title=Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain Up to the Fall of the Visigothic Kingdom|year=1938|publisher=Catholic University of America|pages=93–94|url=http://libro.uca.edu/mckenna/paganism.htm|access-date=20 March 2013|chapter=Pagan Survivals in Galicia in the Sixth Century}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|  || "First Day" or<br /> "Lord's Day" <br />([[Sunday]]) || "Second Day" <br />([[Monday]]) || "Third Day" <br />([[Tuesday]]) || "Fourth Day" <br />([[Wednesday]]) || "Fifth Day" <br />([[Thursday]]) || "Sixth Day" <br />([[Friday]]) || "Seventh Day" or<br /> "Sabbath" <br />([[Saturday]])
|-
| [[Byzantine Greek|Greek]]
| {{lang|grc|Κυριακὴ ἡμέρα}}<br/>/kiriaki iméra/
| {{lang|grc|Δευτέρα ἡμέρα}}<br/>/devtéra iméra/ <!--4th century ðéɸteros, 1st century dɛ́ʍtɛros etc., leave the details to Wiktioary-->
| {{lang|grc|Τρίτη ἡμέρα}}<br/>/tríti iméra/
| {{lang|grc|Τετάρτη ἡμέρα}}<br/>/tetárti iméra/
| {{lang|grc|Πέμπτη ἡμέρα}}<br/>/pémpti iméra/
| {{lang|grc|Παρασκευὴ ἡμέρα}}<br/>/paraskevi iméra/<ref>"day of [[wikt:παρασκευή#Ancient Greek|preparation]]", i.e. the day before Sabbath, cf. [[gospel of Luke|Luke]] 23:54 ({{lang|grc|καὶ ἡμέρα ἦν Παρασκευῆς, καὶ σάββατον ἐπέφωσκεν.}})</ref>
| {{lang|grc|Σάββατον}}<br/>/sáb:aton/
|-
| [[Ecclesiastical Latin|Latin]]
| {{lang|la|[dies] dominica}};<br>rarely {{lang|la|feria prima, feria dominica}}
| {{lang|la|feria secunda}}
| {{lang|la|feria tertia}}
| {{lang|la|feria quarta}};<br>rarely {{lang|la|media septimana}}
| {{lang|la|feria quinta}}
| {{lang|la|feria sexta}}
| {{lang|la|Sabbatum; dies sabbatinus, dies Sabbati}};<br> rarely {{lang|la|feria septima, feria Sabbati}}
|-
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
|{{langx|he|יום ראשון |Yom rishon|first day}}
|{{langx|he|יום שני|Yom sheni|second day}}
|{{langx|he|יום שלישי|Yom shlishi|third day}}
|{{langx|he|יום רביעי|Yom revi'i|fourth day}}
|{{langx|he|יום חמישי|Yom chamishi|fifth day}}
|{{langx|he|יום שישי|Yom shishi|sixth day}}
|{{langx|he|שבת|Shabbat|Rest/cessation}}
|}