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==Types of warfare== <!-- include "warfare" in heading to denote section's focus on methods of conducting wars, excluding their causes --> {{Main|Outline of war#Types of war|l1=Types of war}} * [[Asymmetric warfare]] is the methods used in conflicts between [[belligerent]]s of drastically different levels of military capability or size.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asymmetrical warfare {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/asymmetrical-warfare |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> * [[Biological warfare]], or germ warfare, is the use of biological infectious agents or toxins such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi against people, plants, or animals. This can be conducted through sophisticated technologies, like [[Cluster munition|cluster munitions]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guillemin |first=Jeanne |date=July 2006 |title=Scientists and the history of biological weapons: A brief historical overview of the development of biological weapons in the twentieth century |journal=EMBO Reports |language=en |volume=7 |issue=S1 |pages=S45-9 |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400689 |issn=1469-221X |pmc=1490304 |pmid=16819450}}</ref> or with rudimentary techniques like catapulting an infected corpse behind enemy lines,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wheelis |first=Mark |title=Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa - Volume 8, Number 9—September 2002 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC |journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases |year=2002 |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=971–975 |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/9/01-0536_article |language=en-us |doi=10.3201/eid0809.010536|pmid=12194776 |pmc=2732530 |issn=1080-6040}}</ref> and can include weaponized or non-weaponized pathogens. * [[Chemical warfare]] involves the use of weaponized chemicals in combat. Poison gas as a [[Chemical warfare|chemical weapon]] was principally used during [[World War I]], and resulted in over a million estimated casualties, including more than 100,000 civilians.<ref>{{cite book |title=Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents |edition=2nd |author=D. Hank Ellison |date= 2007 |pages=567–570 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-0-8493-1434-6}}</ref> * [[Cold warfare]] is an intense international rivalry without direct military conflict, but with a sustained threat of it, including high levels of military preparations, expenditures, and development, and may involve active conflicts by indirect means, such as [[economic warfare]], [[political warfare]], [[covert operation]]s, [[espionage]], [[cyberwarfare]], or [[proxy war]]s. * [[Conventional warfare]] is a form of warfare between states in which [[nuclear weapon|nuclear]], [[biological weapon|biological]], [[chemical weapons|chemical]] or [[Radiological warfare|radiological weapons]] are not used or see limited deployment. * [[Cyberwarfare]] involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to attack and attempt to damage another nation's information systems. * [[Insurgency]] is a rebellion against authority, where irregular forces take up arms to change an existing political order. An insurgency can be fought via [[counterinsurgency]], and may also be opposed by measures to protect the population, and by political and economic actions of various kinds aimed at undermining the insurgents' claims against the incumbent regime. * [[Information warfare]] is the application of destructive force on a large scale against information assets and systems, against the [[computer]]s and [[Computer network|networks]] that support the four critical infrastructures (the power grid, communications, financial, and transportation).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fas.org/irp/eprint/snyder/infowarfare.htm |title=Information Warfare |last=Lewis |first=Brian C. |website=Federation of American Scientist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970617035106/http://www.fas.org/irp/eprint/snyder/infowarfare.htm |archive-date=17 June 1997 |url-status=dead |access-date=27 February 2017 }}</ref> * [[Nuclear warfare]] is warfare in which [[nuclear weapon]]s are the primary, or a major, method of achieving capitulation. * [[Radiological warfare]] is any form of warfare involving deliberate [[Radioactive contamination|radiation poisoning or contamination]] of an area with radiological sources. * [[Total war]] is warfare by any means possible, disregarding the [[laws of war]], placing no limits on [[legitimate military target]]s, using [[weapon]]s and [[Military tactics|tactics]] resulting in significant [[civilian casualties]], or demanding a [[war effort]] requiring significant sacrifices by the friendly civilian population. * [[Unconventional warfare]] can be defined as "military and quasi-military operations other than [[conventional warfare]]"<ref name="nagao definition">{{cite web |last1=Nagao |first1=Yuichiro |title=Unconventional Warfare: A Historical Perspective |url=http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2001/sympo_e2001_6.pdf |website=National Institute for Defense Studies |publisher=[[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Ministry of Defense]] |access-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816015847/http://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/symposium/pdf/2001/sympo_e2001_6.pdf |archive-date=16 August 2022 |date=2001}}</ref> and may use [[covert operation|covert]] forces or actions such as [[subversion]], [[Decoy|diversion]], [[sabotage]], [[espionage]], [[biowarfare]], [[economic sanctions|sanctions]], [[propaganda]] or [[guerrilla warfare]].
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