Editing Visayas (section)

==History==
[[File:Datu and binokot (Principalia) - Philippines (c.1668).jpg|thumb|1668 depiction of a datu and a binukot, who were regarded as part of the aristocracy (Principalia) during the early period of Spanish.]]
[[File:Visayan dance Philippines.jpg|left|thumb|307x307px|[[Waray people]] [[War dance]] 1792]]
{{main|Visayans#History}}
After the defeat of the [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]] expedition at the [[Battle of Mactan]] by [[Lapu-Lapu]], King [[Philip II of Spain]] sent [[Miguel López de Legazpi]] in 1543 and 1565 to colonize the islands for Spain. Subsequently, the Visayas region and many kingdoms began converting to Christianity and adopting western culture. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the effects of colonization on various ethnic groups turned sour and revolutions such as those of [[Francisco Dagohoy]] began to emerge.
[[File:Indios, detail from Carta Hydrographica y Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas 1734.jpg|thumb|Visayans depicted in [[Velarde map]] 1734.]]
[[File:Panay Church main entrance.jpg|thumb|359x359px|[[Panay Church]]]]
Various personalities who fought against the Spanish colonial government arose within the archipelago. Among the notable ones are [[Teresa Magbanua]], [[Graciano Lopez Jaena]]<ref>Dr. Robert L. Yoder, FAPC.[http://www.univie.ac.at/ksa/apsis/aufi/history/jaena.htm "Graciano López Jaena"]. Universitat Wien. Retrieved July 26, 2013.</ref> and [[Martín Teófilo Delgado|Martin Delgado]] from [[Iloilo]], [[Aniceto Lacson]], [[León Kilat]] and Diego de la Viña from [[Negros (Philippines)|Negros]], Venancio Jakosalem Fernandez from [[Cebu]],<ref>[http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/386435/venancios-leon-kilat "Venancio's Leon Kilat"]. Inquirer.net. Retrieved July 26, 2013.</ref> and two personalities from [[Bohol]] by the name of [[Tamblot]], who led the [[Tamblot Uprising]] in 1621 to 1622 and [[Francisco Dagohoy]], the leader of the Bohol Rebellion that lasted from 1744 to 1829.<ref>[http://www.watawat.net/the_dagohoy_rebellion.html "The Dagohoy Rebellion"]. Watawat.net. Retrieved July 26, 2013.</ref> Negros briefly stood as an independent nation in the Visayas in the form of the Cantonal [[Republic of Negros]], before it was absorbed back to the Philippines because of the American takeover of the archipelago.

The short-lived [[Federal State of the Visayas]] was established as a revolutionary state during the Philippine Revolution. It designated [[Iloilo City]] as the Visayas capital and was composed of three governments: the Provisional Government of the District of Visayas ([[Panay]]), the [[Republic of Negros|Cantonal Government of Negros]], the Cantonal Government of Bohol, and the island of Cebu, which was under revolutionary control.<ref name="once">{{cite news |date=August 1, 2005 |title=Once, There Was Federal Visayas |url=http://archives.newsbreak-knowledge.ph/2005/08/01/once-there-was-federal-visayas-2/ |access-date=December 18, 2017 |work=Newsbreak |publisher=Public Trust Media Group, Inc.}}</ref>

On May 23, 2005, [[Palawan]] (including its highly urbanized capital city of [[Puerto Princesa]]) was transferred from Mimaropa (Region IV-B) to Western Visayas (Region VI) under ''Executive Order No. 429'', signed by [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]], who was the [[President of the Philippines|president]] at that year.<ref name="EO429 2">{{cite web |author=President of the Philippines |date=May 23, 2005 |title=Executive Order No. 429 s. 2005 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2005/05/23/executive-order-no-429-s-2005/ |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Philippine Government}}</ref> However, Palaweños criticized the move, citing a lack of consultation, with most residents in Puerto Princesa and all Palawan municipalities but one, preferring to stay in Mimaropa (Region IV-B). Consequently, ''Administrative Order No. 129'' was issued on August 19, 2005, that the implementation of ''E.O. 429'' be held in abeyance, pending approval by the president of its Implementation Plan.<ref name="AO129 2">{{cite web |author=President of the Philippines |date=August 19, 2005 |title=Administrative Order No. 129 s. 2005 |url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2005/08/19/administrative-order-no-129-s-2005/ |work=Official Gazette |publisher=Philippine Government}}</ref> The Philippine [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Commission on Elections]] reported the [[2010 Philippine general election]] results for Palawan as a part of the Region IV-B results.<ref>[http://electionresults.ibanangayon.ph/res_reg9708000.html Philippine 2010 Election Results: Region IV-B], Philippine Commission on Elections.</ref> {{As of|2011|6|30}}, the abeyance was still in effect, with Palawan and its capital city remaining under [[Mimaropa]] (Region IV-B).
[[File:Cuencofamilycebu.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Cuenco family of cebu.]]
On May 29, 2015, the twin provinces of [[Negros Occidental]] (including its highly urbanized capital city, [[Bacolod]]) and [[Negros Oriental]] were joined to form the [[Negros Island Region]] under ''Executive Order No. 183'', signed by [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Benigno Aquino III]]. It separated both, the former province and its capital city from [[Western Visayas]] and the latter province from [[Central Visayas]].

On August 9, 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte signed ''Executive Order No. 38'', revoking the ''Executive Order No. 183'' signed by his predecessor, President Benigno Aquino III, on May 29, 2015, due to the reason of the lack of funds to fully establish the NIR according to [[Benjamin Diokno]], the [[Secretary of Budget and Management (Philippines)|Secretary of Budget and Management]].

On June 13, 2024, the Negros Island Region was re-established, with the inclusion of [[Siquijor]].

===Mythical allusions and hypotheses===
Historical documents written in 1907 by Visayan historian Pedro Alcántara Monteclaro in his book ''[[Maragtas (book)|Maragtas]]'' tell the story of the ten leaders ([[Datu]]s) who escaped from the tyranny of Rajah Makatunaw from Borneo and came to the islands of Panay. The chiefs and followers were said to be the ancestors (from the collapsing empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit) of the [[Visayan people]]. The documents were accepted by Filipino historians and found their way into the history of the Philippines. As a result, the arrival of Bornean tribal groups in the Visayas (From Vijayapura a [[Srivijayan]] vassal state in Borneo)<ref>{{cite book |author=Wendy Hutton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YWO5Va53GkgC&pg=PA31 |title=Adventure Guides: East Malaysia |date=2000 |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |isbn=978-962-593-180-7 |pages=31–57 |access-date=26 May 2013}}</ref> is celebrated in the festivals of the [[Dinagyang]] in [[Iloilo City]], [[Ati-Atihan]] in [[Kalibo, Aklan|Kalibo]], [[Aklan]], and [[Binirayan festival|Binirayan]] in [[San Jose de Buenavista]], [[Antique (province)|Antique]]. Foreign historians such as [[William Henry Scott (historian)|William Henry Scott]] maintains that the book contains a Visayan folk tradition.<ref>{{Harvnb|Scott|1984|pp=81–103}}.</ref>[[File:Children Partaking In The Kalibo Ati-Atihan Festival, Philippines.jpg|thumb|[[Ati-Atihan festival|Ati-Atihan Festival]], a celebration of the purported arrival of "Borneans" in Panay]]A contemporary theory based on a study of [[genetic marker]]s in present-day populations is that [[Austronesian people]]s from Taiwan populated the larger island of Luzon and headed south to the Visayas and Mindanao, and then to Indonesia and Malaysia, then to [[Pacific Islands]] and finally to the island of Madagascar, at the west of the [[Indian Ocean]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Cristian Capelli |last2=Wilson |first2=James F. |last3=Richards |first3=Martin |last4=Stumpf |first4=Michael P.H. |last5=Gratrix |first5=Fiona |last6=Oppenheimer |first6=Stephen |last7=Underhill |first7=Peter |last8=Pascali |first8=Vincenzo L. |last9=Ko |first9=Tsang-Ming |display-authors=1 |year=2001 |title=A Predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania |url=http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=432–443 |doi=10.1086/318205 |pmc=1235276 |pmid=11170891 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201051/http://hpgl.stanford.edu/publications/AJHG_2001_v68_p432.pdf |archive-date=May 11, 2011}}</ref> The study, though, may not explain inter-island migrations, which are also possible, such as Filipinos migrating to any other Philippine provinces. There has even been backmigration to the island of Taiwan, as the historian Efren B. Isorena, through analysis of historical accounts and wind currents in the Pacific side of East and Southeast Asia, concluded that the Pisheye of Taiwan and the Bisaya of the Visayas islands in the Philippines, were closely related people as Visayans were recorded to have travelled to Taiwan from the Philippines via the northward windcurrents before they raided China and returned south after the southwards monsoon during summer.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Isorena |first1=Efren B. |date=2004 |title=The Visayan Raiders of the China Coast, 1174–1190 Ad |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=73–95 |jstor=29792550}}</ref>