Editing Viktor Frankl (section)

===Psychiatry===
Between 1928 and 1930, while still a medical student, he organized youth counselling centers<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Batthyány|editor-first=Alexander |title=Logotherapy and Existential Analysis. Proceedings of the Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna, Volume 1|publisher=Springer International|year=2016|isbn=978-3319805689|pages=3–6}}</ref> to address the high number of teen suicides occurring around the time of end-of-the-year report cards. The program was sponsored by the city of Vienna and free of charge to the students. Frankl recruited other psychologists for the center, including [[Charlotte Bühler]], Erwin Wexberg, and [[Rudolf Dreikurs]]. In 1931, not a single Viennese student died by [[suicide]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Frankl, Viktor E. (Viktor Emil), 1905–1997|title=Frühe Schriften, 1923–1942|date=2005|publisher=W. Maudrich|others=Vesely-Frankl, Gabriele|isbn=3851758129|location=Wien|oclc=61029472}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=January 2021}}

After earning his M.D. in 1930, Frankl gained extensive experience at [[Steinhof (Vienna)|Steinhof Psychiatric Hospital]], where he was responsible for the treatment of suicidal women. In 1937, he began a private practice, but the [[Anschluss|Nazi annexation of Austria]] in 1938 limited his opportunity to treat patients.<ref name="FranklRecollections" /> In 1940, he joined [[Rothschild Hospital]], the only hospital in Vienna still admitting Jews, as head of the neurology department. Prior to his deportation to the concentration camps, he helped numerous patients avoid the Nazi euthanasia program that targeted the mentally disabled.<ref name="Klingberg2001" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Neugebauer|first=Wolfgang|title=Von der Zwangssterilisierung zur Ermordung. Zur Geschichte der NS-Euthanasie in Wien Teil II|publisher=Böhlau|year=2002|isbn=978-3205993254|location=Wien/Köln/Weimar|pages=99–111}}</ref>

In 1942, just nine months after his marriage, Frankl and his family were sent to the [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]. His father died there of starvation and pneumonia. In 1944, Frankl and his surviving relatives were transported to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], where his mother and brother were murdered in the gas chambers. His wife Tilly died later of typhus in [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp|Bergen-Belsen]]. Frankl spent three years in four concentration camps.<ref name="obit" />

Following the war, he became head of the neurology department of the [[General Polyclinic Vienna]] hospital, and established a private practice in his home. He worked with patients until his retirement in 1970.<ref name="Klingberg2001" />

In 1948, Frankl earned a PhD in philosophy from the University of Vienna. His dissertation, ''[[The Unconscious God]]'', examines the relationship between psychology and religion,<ref>Boeree, George. [http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/frankl.html "Personality Theories: Viktor Frankl."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103032504/http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/frankl.html |date=3 November 2019 }} Shippensburg University. Accessed 18 April 2014.</ref> and advocates for the use of the [[Socratic dialogue]] (self-discovery discourse) for clients to get in touch with their spiritual unconscious.<ref>Lantz, James E. "Family logotherapy." ''Contemporary Family Therapy'' 8, no. 2 (1986): 124–135.</ref>

[[File:Grave of Viktor Frankl 02.jpg|thumb|Grave of Viktor Frankl in Vienna]]
In 1955, Frankl was awarded a professorship of neurology and psychiatry at the [[University of Vienna]], and, as [[visiting professor]], lectured at [[Harvard University]] (1961), [[Southern Methodist University]], Dallas (1966), and [[Duquesne University]], Pittsburgh (1972).<ref name=":0" />

Throughout his career, Frankl argued that the [[reductionist]] tendencies of early psychotherapeutic approaches dehumanised the patient, and advocated for a rehumanisation of psychotherapy.<ref name="FranklUltimateMeaning">{{cite book|author=Frankl, Viktor|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_hcQAQAAMAAJ|title=Man's search for ultimate meaning|year=2000|publisher=Perseus Pub.|isbn=978-0738203546|access-date=24 May 2016|archive-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322130255/https://books.google.com/books?id=_hcQAQAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[American Psychiatric Association]] awarded Frankl the 1985 [[Oskar Pfister Award]] for his contributions to religion and psychiatry.<ref name="FranklUltimateMeaning" />