Editing View camera (section)

===Rise and fall===

Rise and fall are the movements of either the front or rear standard vertically along a line in a plane parallel to the film (or sensor) plane. Rise is a very important movement especially in architectural photography.  Generally, the lens is moved vertically—either up or down—along the lens plane to change the portion of the image captured on the film. In the 35&nbsp;mm format, special [[Perspective control lens|shift lenses]] (sometimes called perspective control lenses) emulate the rise or fall of view cameras.

The main effect of rise is to eliminate converging parallels when photographing tall buildings. If a camera without movements is pointed at a tall building, the top is off. If the camera is tilted upwards to get it all in, the film plane is not parallel to the building, and the building seems narrower at the top than the bottom: lines that are parallel in the object converge in the image.

To avoid this apparent distortion, a wide-angle lens gets more of the building in, but includes more of the foreground and alters the perspective. A camera with rising front lets a normal lens be raised to include the top of the building without tilting the camera.

This requires that the [[image circle]] of the lens be larger than is required to cover the film without use of movements. If the lens can produce a circular image just large enough to cover the film, it can't cover the bottom of the film as it rises. Consequently, lens coverage must be larger to accommodate rise (and fall, tilt and shift).

In Figure a) below (images are upside down, as a photographer would see them on the ground glass of a view camera), the lens has been shifted down (fall). Notice that much of the unwanted foreground is included, but not the top of the tower.  In Figure b), the lens has been shifted up (rise): the top of the tower is now inside the area captured on film, at the sacrifice of unwanted green foreground.

{{multiple image
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|align=left
|header=
|footer=
|width1=174
|width2=180
|width3=180
|image1=rise.png
|alt1=Front standard rise
|caption1=Front standard rise
|image2=tower1.png
|alt2=Figure a) Fall
|caption2=Figure a) Fall
|image3=tower2.png
|alt3=Figure b) Rise
|caption3=Figure b) Rise
}}
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