Editing Vandalic language (section)

==Attestation==
Very little is known about the Vandalic language other than various phrases and a small number of personal names of Vandalic origin, mainly known from documents and coins.{{r|Hartmann|p=7}}{{r|Reichert|p=44}} Most Vandalic names were recorded by native speakers of Latin or Greek, who might have misinterpreted phonemes or assimilated names to those common in their mother tongue.{{r|Reichert}}

The regional name [[Andalusia]] is traditionally believed to have derived from Vandalic, although this [[Name of Andalusia|claim is contested]]. Following the [[Umayyad conquest of Hispania]], from the 8th century to the end of the 15th the region was called {{transliteration|ar|[[Al-Andalus]]}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=García Sanjuán |first1=Alejandro |editor1-last=Fleet |editor1-first=Kate |editor2-last=Krämer |editor2-first=Gudrun |editor3-last=Matringe |editor3-first=Denis |editor4-last=Nawas |editor4-first=John |editor5-last=Stewart |editor5-first=Devin J. |title=The encyclopaedia of Islam. 2017,5: Band |date=2017 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden/Boston |isbn=9789004335745 |chapter=al-Andalus, etymology and name}}</ref>

In one inscription from the [[Vandal Kingdom]], the Christian incantation of {{transliteration|grc|[[Kyrie eleison]]}} ("Lord, have mercy!") is given in Vandalic as "{{lang|xvn|italic=no|Froia arme}}".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8RsGDAAAQBAJ|title=Arianism: Roman Heresy and Barbarian Creed|editor1-last=Berndt|editor1-first=Guido M.|date=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317178651|language=en, de|editor2-first=Roland|editor2-last=Steinacher|chapter=Ulfila und der sogenannte gotische Arianismus|trans-chapter=Ulfila and the so-called Gothic Arianism|author-first=Knut|author-last=Schäferdiek|location=Abingdon/New York}}</ref><ref name="Tiefenbach">{{cite journal |last1=Tiefenbach |first1=Heinrich |title=Das wandalische Domine miserere |journal=Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics |date=1991 |volume=104 |issue=2 |pages=251–268 |language=de |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen |issn=0935-3518 |jstor=40849030 |trans-title=The Vandalic Domine miserere}}</ref> The same phrase appears in {{lang|la|Collatio Beati Augustini cum Pascentio ariano}} 15 by [[Pseudo-Augustine]]: "{{lang|xvn|italic=no|Froja armes}}".<ref>{{cite conference|last=Steinacher|first=Roland|year=2008|title=Gruppen und Identitäten. Gedanken zur Bezeichnung "vandalisch"|trans-title=Groups and identities. Thoughts on the term "Vandalic"|url=http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~c61705/downloads/GruppenundIdentitaeten2008.pdf|conference=2005|location=Vienna|publisher=Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften|pages=254|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317062529/http://homepage.uibk.ac.at/~c61705/downloads/GruppenundIdentitaeten2008.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2012|book-title=Das Reich der Vandalen und seine (Vor-)Geschichten|editor1-last=Berndt|editor1-first=Guido M.|editor2-last=Steinacher|editor2-first=Roland|language=de}}</ref> It is possible that this sentence is, in fact, Gothic since the Vandals might have used Gothic as liturgical language.{{r|Tiefenbach|p=262}}

The epigram {{lang|la-015|[[De conviviis barbaris]]}} in the [[Latin Anthology]], of North African origin and disputed date, contains a fragment in a Germanic language that some authors believe to be Vandalic,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/quellentexte.cgi?5 |website=Indogermanistik Wien: Quellentexte |title=Inter eils Goticum (De conviviis barbaris) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017022045/http://www.univie.ac.at/indogermanistik/quellentexte.cgi?5 |archive-date=17 October 2010 }}</ref>{{r|Reichert|pages=49{{Hyphen}}50}} although the fragment itself refers to the language as "Gothic". This may be because both languages were East Germanic and closely related; scholars have pointed out in this context{{r|Reichert|page=48}} that [[Procopius]] refers to the [[Goths]], Vandals, [[Visigoths]], and [[Gepids]] as "Gothic nations" and opines that they "are all of the [[Arianism|Arian]] faith, and have one language called Gothic".<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16765/16765-h/16765-h.htm Procopius of Caesarea, THE VANDALIC WAR I,2–8]</ref> The fragment reads:
{{Verse translation|
{{lang|la-015|Inter "{{lang|xvn|eils}}" Goticum "{{lang|xvn|scapia matzia ia drincan!}}"
non audet quisquam dignos educere versus.
Calliope madido trepidat se iungere Baccho.
ne pedibus non stet ebria Musa suis.<ref>Quoted in Magnús Snædal, '[https://www.academia.edu/758303 The "Vandal" Epigram]', in ''Filologia Germanica/Germanic Philology'', 1 (2009), 181–213 (pp. 183–84).</ref>}}
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Amid the Gothic "Hail! Let's get [something to] eat and drink"
nobody dares to put forth decent verses.
[[Calliope]] hurries to depart from wet [[Bacchus]].
An inebriated Muse may not stand on her feet.}}
Other surviving Vandalic words are {{lang|xvn|Baudus}}, "master" <ref>Anthologia Latina No. 307, I. 5</ref> and {{lang|xvn|Vandalirice}}, "King of the Vandals".<ref>Anthologia Latina No. 215, 523–543</ref>