Editing Vacuum cleaner (section)

===Manual vacuums===
{{Main|Manual vacuum cleaner}}
[[File:Hess carpet sweeper patent model.png|right|thumb|Patent model of Daniel Hess's carpet sweeper]]
In 1860, a manual vacuum cleaner was invented by Daniel Hess of [[West Union, Iowa]]. Called a "carpet sweeper," it gathered dust with a rotating brush and had bellows for generating suction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fascinating facts about the invention of vacuum cleaner by Daniel Hess in 1860|publisher=The Great Idea Finder|url=http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/vacleaner.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710060520/http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/vacleaner.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-07-10}}</ref><ref>Hess, Daniel (10 July 1860) "Carpet-Sweeper" {{US Patent|29077}}</ref>
Another early model was the "Whirlwind", invented in [[Chicago]] in 1868 by [[Ives W. McGaffey]]. The bulky device worked with a belt-driven fan cranked by hand that made it awkward to operate, although it was commercially marketed with mixed success.
<ref>McGaffey, Ives W. (8 June 1869). "Improved-Sweeping Machine" {{US Patent|91145}}</ref>
A similar model was constructed by [[Melville R. Bissell]] of [[Grand Rapids, Michigan]] in 1876, who also manufactured [[carpet sweeper]]s.<ref name="bissellsite">{{cite web|url=http://www.bissell.com/Our-History/|title=Our History|publisher=Bissell|access-date=5 April 2010|archive-date=22 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122102117/http://www.bissell.com/Our-History/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The company later added portable vacuum cleaners to its line of cleaning tools.