Editing Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (section)

==Exile; Foundation of the APRA==
[[File:Flag of the United States of Indo-America.svg|thumb|right|250px|Flag of the United States of Indoamerica.]]
In [[Panama]], Haya stayed for two weeks, before heading to [[Cuba]]. From there he went to Mexico, invited by [[José Vasconcelos]], then Secretary of Public Education, to collaborate as his secretary. He arrived in [[Mexico City]] on November 16, 1923. He then made contact with the [[Mexican Revolution]], appreciating the socio-economic changes that took place in that country.<ref>Sánchez, 1985, p.123-125.</ref>

He contacted Mexican students to encourage them to develop a continental student and labor fraternity. It was precisely in Mexico City that, on May 7, 1924, he founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance. As it can be deduced from its name, Haya de la Torre's initial political option sought to consolidate itself into a project for Latin America, as a pan-Latin American movement.

In a simple ceremony, he presented the students of Mexico with the flag of Indoamerica, on which occasion he said: «This flag that I give you will first fly over the dreamy crowds of the youth that are opening the way, and later they will be the people who shake it in the shuddering tumult of their struggles ». Its doctrinal foundations were presented two years later, in the manifesto entitled ''What is the APRA?''. Initially published in English in the [[Labour Monthly]] magazine in London, in December 1926, and later translated into Spanish and reproduced in various Latin American publications. In this document, it exposes the five basic points of the Aprista doctrine:

[[File:Célula de desterrados apristas México1929.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Committee of Exiled Apristas, 1929. From left to right: Pavletich, Carlos Manuel Cox, [[Magda Portal]], Serafín Delmar, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre and Enríque Vásquez Díaz.]]
In September 1924 he traveled to Russia, where he made contact with the [[Russian Revolution]], which served as a source of inspiration for his ideology. He also traveled through [[Switzerland]], Italy and France. In 1925, he settled in England, where, between 1926 and 1927, he studied economics at the [[London School of Economics]] and then anthropology at the [[University of Oxford]], where he would later become a professor (in 1964).

Haya devoted himself entirely to forming a great movement that could represent the excluded masses of "Indoamerica". The APRA had its first committee in Paris (founded on January 22, 1927), followed in [[Buenos Aires]], Mexico City, and [[La Paz]]. The APRA was born as an eminently anti-oligarchic and anti-imperialist force. It was early linked to [[Marxism]] but clearly disagreed with [[communism]], as it considered it a totalitarian political system. In 1927, he published his first book, entitled ''For the Emancipation of Latin America'', where he exposed the Aprista doctrine. In May 1928, he finished writing his book ''The anti-imperialism and APRA'', a work that for economic reasons would not come to light until 1935.

In February 1927, he participated in the First Anti-imperialist Congress in [[Brussels]], in which he raised the difference between APRA and communism. In November of that year he left Europe and returned to America, passing through New York City before returning to Mexico. He then undertook a tour of [[Guatemala]], [[El Salvador]], [[Costa Rica]] and, again, [[Panama]], being prevented from landing in the Canal Zone and, rather, was exiled again to Europe on December 16, 1928. He spent some time in [[Berlin]] and in other cities until June 1931. In the meantime, the government of Leguía was overthrown by the [[Peruvian Army]] led by [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]] on August 25, 1930. Haya returned to [[Peru]] and founded the [[Peruvian Aprista Party]] (PAP) on September 20, 1930.