Editing Urethritis (section)

==Causes==
The disease is classified as either [[Gonorrhea|gonococcal urethritis]], caused by ''[[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]]'', or [[non-gonococcal urethritis]] (NGU), most commonly caused by ''[[Chlamydia trachomatis]],'' which is accounted for 20-50% of routinely tested cases.<ref>{{cite web |date=2017-02-07 |title=Urethritis: Symptoms, causes, and treatment |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/264903 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.medicalnewstoday.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name = "Moi_2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Moi H, Blee K, Horner PJ | title = Management of non-gonococcal urethritis | journal = BMC Infectious Diseases | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 294 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 26220178 | pmc = 4518518 | doi = 10.1186/s12879-015-1043-4 | doi-access = free }}</ref> NGU, sometimes called nonspecific urethritis (NSU), has both infectious and noninfectious causes.

Other causes include:<ref name="Young_2020"/><ref name="cdc">{{cite web|year=2015|title=Disease characterized by urethritis and cervicitis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/urethritis-and-cervicitis.htm|access-date=4 August 2020|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref>
* ''[[Mycoplasma genitalium]]'':<ref name="CDC_2015_TG">{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/urethritis-and-cervicitis.htm|title=Diseases Characterized by Urethritis and Cervicitis - 2015 STD Treatment Guidelines|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us|access-date=2017-12-08}}</ref> second most common cause accounting for 15-20% of non-gonococcal urethritis<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Territo H, Ashurst JV | chapter =Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)|date=2020|chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535411/| title =StatPearls|place=Treasure Island (FL)|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=30571032|access-date=2020-07-31 }}</ref>
* ''[[Trichomonas vaginalis]]'':<ref name="CainiGandini2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Caini S, Gandini S, Dudas M, Bremer V, Severi E, Gherasim A | title = Sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Cancer Epidemiology | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 329–338 | date = August 2014 | pmid = 24986642 | doi = 10.1016/j.canep.2014.06.002 }}</ref> accounts for 2-13% of cases in the US; infection is mainly asymptomatic in most cases<ref name="Hakenberg_2017">{{cite journal| vauthors = Hakenberg OW, Harke N, Wagenlehner F |date=2017-04-01|title=Urethritis in Men and Women |journal=European Urology Supplements|series=Incorporating the EAU-EBU Update Series |volume=16|issue=4|pages=144–148|doi=10.1016/j.eursup.2017.01.002 }}</ref>
* [[Adenoviridae]]
* [[Uropathogenic Escherichia coli|Uropathogenic ''Escherichia coli'']] (UPEC)
* [[Herpes simplex]] virus
* ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''
* [[Reactive arthritis]]: urethritis is part of the triad of reactive arthritis, which includes arthritis, urethritis, and conjunctivitis.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Reactive Arthritis? |url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/reactive-arthritis |website=niams.nih.gov |date=7 April 2017 |publisher=National Institutes of Health |access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>
* ''[[Ureaplasma urealyticum]]''
* ''[[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]]''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma P, Singal A | title = Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus non-gonococcal urethritis | journal = Acta Dermato-Venereologica | volume = 79 | issue = 5 | pages = 415 | date = September 1999 | pmid = 10494743 | doi = 10.1080/000155599750010599 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* ''[[Streptococcus agalactiae|Group B streptococcus]]''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chowdhury MN, Pareek SS | title = Urethritis caused by group B streptococci: a case report | journal = The British Journal of Venereal Diseases | volume = 60 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–57 | date = February 1984 | pmid = 6365237 | pmc = 1046272 | doi = 10.1136/sti.60.1.56 }}</ref>
* Irritation of the genital area:<ref name="Young_2020">{{cite book | vauthors = Young A, Wray AA |chapter = Urethritis |date=2020 | chapter-url= http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537282/ | title =StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing|pmid=30725967|access-date=2020-07-28}}</ref> for example catheter-induced, physical activity, tight clothing or soaps
* Fungal urethritis in immunosuppressed individual<ref name = "Hakenberg_2017" />
* Menopause<ref name="Young_2020"/>