Editing Ural Mountains (section)

==Geography and topography==
[[File:Operational Navigation Chart D-4, 3rd edition.jpg|left|thumb|Map including the Ural Mountains]]
The Ural Mountains extend about {{convert|2500|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[Kara Sea]] to the [[Kazakh Steppe]] along the border of Kazakhstan. Vaygach Island and the island of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain on the north. Geographically this range marks the northern part of the border between Europe and Asia. Its highest peak is Mount Narodnaya, approximately {{convert|1895|m|ft|abbr=on}} in elevation.<ref name=brit/> Transverse faults divide the mountain chain into seven major units, each of which has its own typical pattern of mountain ridges. From north to south, these are the Pay-Khoy, Zapolyarnyy, Pripolyarnyy, Polyarnyy, Severnyy, Sredniy, Yuzhnny Ural and Mugodzhary. The average altitudes of the Urals are around {{convert|1000-1300|m|ft|abbr=on}}, the highest point being Narodnaya peak in the Pripolyarnyy Ural which reaches a height of {{convert|1894|m}}.<ref name=height>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEFdDwAAQBAJ&dq=ural+mountains&pg=PA404|title=Geomorphology of Europe|year=2016|isbn=9781349173464|pages=404|last1=Embleton|first1=Clifford|publisher=Macmillan Education UK}}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[File:Саблинский хребет.jpg|thumb|[[Yugyd Va National Park]]]]
By topography and other natural features, the Urals are divided, from north to south, into the Polar (or Arctic), Nether-Polar (or Sub-Arctic), Northern, Central and Southern parts.

===Polar Ural===
The [[Polar Urals]] extend for about {{convert|385|km|mi|sp=us}} from Mount Konstantinov Kamen in the north to the river Khulga in the south; they have an area of about {{convert|25000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and a strongly dissected relief. The maximum height is {{convert|1499|m|ft|abbr=on}} at [[Mount Payer]] and the average height is {{convert|1000|to|1100|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

The mountains of the Polar Ural have exposed rock with sharp ridges, though flattened or rounded tops are also found.<ref name=brit/><ref name=bse/>

===Nether-polar Ural===
[[File:Ural Mountains IMG 3277 (28448487562).jpg|thumb|280x280px|Ural Mountains in summer]]
The Nether-Polar Ural are higher, and up to {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} wider than the Polar Urals. They include the highest peaks of the range: Mount Narodnaya ({{convert|1895|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Mount Karpinsky (Urals)|Mount Karpinsky]] ({{convert|1878|m|ft|abbr=on}}) and [[Manaraga]] ({{convert|1662|m|ft|abbr=on}}). They extend for more than {{convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}} south to the [[Shchugor]]. The many ridges are sawtooth shaped and dissected by river valleys. Both Polar and Nether-Polar Urals are typically Alpine; they bear traces of [[Pleistocene]] glaciation, along with permafrost and extensive modern glaciation, including 143 extant glaciers.<ref name=brit/><ref name=bse/>

===Northern Ural===
The Northern Ural consist of a series of parallel ridges up to {{convert|1000|–|1200|m|ft|abbr=on}} in height and longitudinal hollows. They are elongated from north to south and stretch for about {{convert|560|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the river [[Usa (Pechora)|Usa]]. Most of the tops are flattened, but those of the highest mountains, such as Telposiz, {{convert|1617|m|ft|abbr=on}} and Konzhakovsky Stone, {{convert|1569|m|ft|abbr=on}} have a dissected topography. Intensive weathering has produced vast areas of eroded stone on the mountain slopes and summits of the northern areas.<ref name=brit/><ref name=bse/>

===Central Ural===
The Central Ural are the lowest part of the Ural, with smooth mountain tops, the highest mountain being {{convert|994|m|ft|abbr=on}} (Basegi); they extend south from the river [[Ufa (river)|Ufa]].<ref name=bse/>

===Southern Ural===
{{Main|Southern Ural}}
The relief of the Southern Ural is more complex, with numerous valleys and parallel ridges directed south-west and meridionally. The range includes the [[Ilmensky Mountains]] separated from the main ridges by the [[Miass (river)|Miass]]. The maximum height is {{convert|1640|m|ft|abbr=on}} ([[Mount Yamantau]]) and the width reaches {{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Other notable peaks lie along the [[Iremel]] mountain ridge (Bolshoy Iremel and Maly Iremel) and [[Nurgush]]. The Southern Urals extend some {{convert|550|km|mi|abbr=on}} up to the sharp westward bend of the river Ural and terminate in the [[Guberlin Mountains]] and finally in the wide [[Mughalzhar Hills]].<ref name=brit/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em auto;"
|-
| width="26%" | [[File:Mountain formation near Saranpaul.jpg|200px]]
| width="28%" | [[File:Rochers dans les montagnes de l Oural 448122760 3572eca433 o.jpg|205px]]
| width="25%" | [[File:Mount Iremel.jpg|190px]]
| width="25%" | [[File:Ignateva cave entry.jpg|205px]]
|-
| Mountain formation near Saranpaul, Nether-Polar Urals 
| Rocks in a river, Nether-Polar Urals 
| Big Iremel Mountain
| Entry to [[Ignateva Cave]], South Urals
|}
{{Clear}}