Editing Upland, California (section)

===Founding===
California became part of the United States at the end of the [[Mexican–American War]] in 1846, and American settlers began to arrive in California in large numbers with the [[California Gold Rush]] of 1849. The Cucamonga Rancho changed hands several times, but the area that present-day Upland occupies was little more than an uninhabited ranchland and a place to pass through until the arrival of [[George Chaffey]] in 1882. Chaffey, a Canadian shipbuilder from the province of [[Ontario, Canada|Ontario]], had already established the [[Etiwanda, California|Etiwanda]] irrigation community in 1881, irrigating the land with a series of flumes carried water from the mountains to a reservoir from which water would then be sent to the relative land sites.<ref name="History of Ontario, CA">{{cite web |url=http://uplandpubliclibrary.blogspot.com/p/history-of-ontario-ca.html |title=History of Ontario, CA |access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref> In 1882, Chaffey purchased {{Convert|6,216|acre|km2}} of land in the Cucamonga Rancho, along with significant water rights from San Antonio Creek, for $60,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=George Chaffey moved water to build towns |author=Mark Landis |url=http://www.sbsun.com/living/ci_21386766/george-chaffey-moved-water-build-towns |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411193924/http://www.sbsun.com/living/ci_21386766/george-chaffey-moved-water-build-towns |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2013 |newspaper=San Bernardino Sun |date=August 24, 2012 |access-date=March 31, 2013 }}</ref> Additional purchases brought the size of the land to over {{Convert|8,000|acre|km2}} of land for a total purchase price of $90,000.<ref name="History of Ontario, CA"/>

Chaffey's master plan called for distributing the water over the whole tract to each farm lot in cement pipes, with each holder to share in the water proportionately to his holding irrespective of distance from the source. Chaffey also laid out the main thoroughfare which ran from one end of the settlement to the other. He also named the "main thoroughfare" Euclid in honor of his favorite [[Euclid|mathematician]]. Euclid Avenue was seven miles long, stretching from the colony's "southernmost boundaries to the mountains." Euclid was planned as a "{{Convert|200|ft|4=-wide|adj=mid|disp=sqbr}} double drive ... [with a] center parkway to be flanked by a {{Convert|65|ft|4=-wide|adj=mid|disp=sqbr}} drive on each side. Chaffey also planned for electricity in Ontario with street lamps being placed a mile apart on Euclid and an electric streetcar that would travel up and down Euclid daily. Ontario was available for settlement on November 1, 1882. During the first week, Chaffey sold {{Convert|190|acre|km2}} for a total value of $28,500.<ref name="History of Ontario, CA"/>

To ensure the success of this irrigation plan and to appeal to potential land buyers, the Chaffey created a "mutual water company" in which each landowner became a stockholder. The San Antonio Water Company was incorporated on October 25, 1882.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historic Context for The City of Ontario's Citrus Industry |year=2007 |page=5 |url=http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |publisher=City of Ontario |access-date=March 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203304/http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

The Ontario colony eventually became known for its citrus groves, but in 1882, orange trees were too scarce and expensive at $100 an acre to turn to citrus, so at first other types of fruit were planted. By 1884, Ontario Nursery owner D.A. Shaw reported that there were "40,000 peach trees, 29,000 pear trees, 15,000 seedling apple trees, 16,000 grafted apple trees, 1,000 cherry trees, and 16,000 grape cuttings set out in orchards and vineyards." However, by 1889, some {{Convert|2,000|acre|km2}} of citrus orchards had been planted on Ontario, and Ontario was rated as having the second largest citrus acreage in the state.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historic Context for The City of Ontario's Citrus Industry |year=2007 |page=13 |url=http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |publisher=City of Ontario |access-date=March 31, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923203304/http://www.ci.ontario.ca.us/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=2057 |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

[[File:Upland-1906.jpg|thumb|right|Upland in 1906]]
The present-day city of Upland was the originally northern part of Chaffee's Ontario Model Colony, and was known as "North Ontario" or "Magnolia" after a local hotel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blackstock |first=Joe |date=March 7, 2012 |title=Before Upland was Upland, brothers founded a flop there |url=https://www.dailybulletin.com/20120307/before-upland-was-upland-brothers-founded-a-flop-there |access-date=November 6, 2022 |website=Daily Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> The name Upland was first used as the name of the "Upland Citrus Association." Long-time resident Charles D. Adams, organizer and first elected president of the Association, was credited with choosing the name.<ref>Staff, "Man Giving Name to Upland Has Birthday", ''The San Bernardino Daily Sun'', San Bernardino, California, Thursday October 27, 1932, Volume 39, page 12.</ref>  However, by 1902, the name "Upland" was used to refer to the entire area of North Ontario.<ref name="History of Upland, CA">{{cite web |url=http://uplandpubliclibrary.blogspot.com/p/history-of-upland-ca.html |title=History of Upland, CA |access-date=March 30, 2013}}</ref>

The railway came to North Ontario in 1887. When the Ontario Colony was founded, downtown was located next to the [[Southern Pacific Railroad|Southern Pacific]] tracks. In 1887 the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe completed its connection adjacent to the newly founded Magnolia Tract in North Ontario. Subdividers of Magnolia, the Bedford Brothers, announced plans to erect a depot at the foot of Second Avenue, the primary business street. A notice in the December 1887 Ontario Record indicated that the cost of the station would be $7,000. In the next decades numerous packing houses were built close to the tracks on both sides of A Street. Used for commuting of residents and tourists as well as for freight, the railroad linked Upland to Los Angeles to the west and the rest of the Santa Fe network to the east.<ref name="uplandpl.lib.ca.us">[http://www.uplandpl.lib.ca.us/asp/Site/Living/HistoricHomes/details.asp?ID=326 Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415042801/http://www.uplandpl.lib.ca.us/asp/Site/Living/HistoricHomes/details.asp?ID=326 |date=April 15, 2014 }} Upland Historic Homes, City of Upland Public Library, Accessed March 29, 2013</ref>

Ontario officially incorporated in 1891, but the size of incorporation was relatively small; {{Convert|1/2|sqmi|spell=in}} bordered by the "Southern Pacific tract to the south, G Street to the north, Sultana Avenue to the east and Vine Avenue to the west." In 1901, residents of Ontario learned that those living in North Ontario were also thinking of incorporation as their own city. In order to eliminate this possibility, the city expanded their one-half square mile to over {{Convert|10|sqmi}}.<ref name="History of Ontario, CA" />

When Ontario started to push for a larger area of incorporation, Upland residents expressed concern. The area of land that Ontario wanted included the Upland Post Office, the tracks for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, and the train depot. On March 12, 1906, the San Bernardino Board of Supervisors conducted a two-day hearing and agreed that a vote for incorporation should take place. On May 5, 1906, Upland approved their vote for incorporation with 183 in favor and 19 against. The city was officially created on May 15, 1906, by the Secretary of State in Sacramento. In 1935, Upland's boundary lines were redrawn to include the land that was annexed in Ontario's 1902 expansion.<ref name="History of Upland, CA" />