Editing University of Virginia (section)

===1900s===
<!--topic:President-->
[[File:Alderman 1920.jpg|thumb|upright=0.70|[[Edwin Alderman]] was UVA's first president between 1904 and 1931 and instituted many reforms toward modernization.]]
{{Wikisource|1=Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_67/July_1905/The_Progress_of_Science|2=July 1905 ''Popular Science'' article about UVA taking a President}}

Jefferson had originally decided the University of Virginia would have no serving president. Rather, this power was to be shared by a rector and the [[Board of Visitors]]. But as the 19th century waned, it became obvious this cumbersome arrangement was incapable of adequately handling the many administrative and fundraising tasks of the growing university.<ref name="EVAlderman">Encyclopedia Virginia [http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Alderman_Edwin_Anderson_1861-1931 President Edwin Alderman] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228003042/http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Alderman_Edwin_Anderson_1861-1931 |date=December 28, 2011 }} "By the turn of the 20th century the administrative affairs had grown to such an extent that the old form of government became too cumbersome. The appointment of Alderman brought a new era of progressivism to the university and service to Virginia." Retrieved January 25, 2012</ref> [[Edwin Alderman]], who had only recently moved from his post as president of [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|UNC-Chapel Hill]] since 1896 to become president of [[Tulane University]] in 1900, accepted an offer as president of the University of Virginia in 1904. His appointment was not without controversy, and national media such as ''[[Popular Science]]'' lamented the end of one of the things that made UVA unique among universities.<ref>''Popular Science'', July 1905 Volume 67, "The Progress of Science"</ref>

Alderman stayed 27 years, and became known as a prolific fund-raiser, a well-known orator, and a close adviser to U.S. president and UVA alumnus [[Woodrow Wilson]].<ref name="EVAlderman" /> He added significantly to the University Hospital to support new sickbeds and public health research, and helped create departments of geology and forestry, the [[University of Virginia School of Education and Human Development|School of Education and Human Development]] (originally the Curry School of Education), the [[McIntire School of Commerce]], and the summer school programs in which young [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] took part.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bruce |first=Philip Alexander |author-link=Philip Alexander Bruce |page=61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i68VAAAAIAAJ&q=edwin+alderman+philip+bruce&pg=PA45 |title=The History of the University of Virginia: The Lengthening Shadow of One Man |year=1921 |volume=V |location=New York |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishing|Macmillan]] |access-date=October 15, 2020 |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017041108/https://books.google.com/books?id=i68VAAAAIAAJ&q=edwin+alderman+philip+bruce&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Perhaps his greatest ambition was the funding and construction of a library on a scale of millions of books, much larger than the Rotunda could bear. Delayed by the [[Great Depression]], Alderman Library was named in his honor in 1938. Alderman, who seven years earlier had died in office en route to giving a public speech at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]], is still the longest-tenured president of the university.

In 1904, UVA became the first university south of Washington, D.C. to be elected to the [[Association of American Universities]]. After a gift by [[Andrew Carnegie]] in 1909 the University of Virginia was organized into twenty-six departments across six schools including the [[University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science|Andrew Carnegie School of Engineering]], the [[University of Virginia School of Law|James Madison School of Law]], the [[James Monroe]] School of International Law, the [[James Southall Wilson|James Wilson]] School of Political Economy, the [[Edgar Allan Poe]] School of English and the [[University of Virginia Medical School|Walter Reed School of Pathology]].<ref name="1911EB" /> The honorific historical names for these schools – several of which have remained as modern [[#Organization and administration|schools of the university]] – are no longer used.

In December 1953, the University of Virginia joined the [[Atlantic Coast Conference]] for athletics. At the time, UVA had a football program that had just broken through to be nationally ranked in 1950, 1951, and 1952, and consistently beat its rivals North Carolina and Virginia Tech by scores such as 34–7 and 44–0. Other sports were very competitive as well. However, the administration of [[Colgate Darden]] de-emphasized athletics, defunding the department and declining to join the ACC before being overruled by the Board of Visitors on that decision. It would take until the 1980s for the bulk of athletics programs to fully recover but approaching the year 2000 UVA was again one of the [[#Athletics|most successful all-around sports programs]] with NCAA national titles achieved in an array of different sports; by 2020, it had twice won the [[Capital One Cup (college sports)|Capital One Cup]] for overall athletics excellence in men's sports programs.

UVA established a [[junior college]] in 1954, known today as the [[University of Virginia's College at Wise]]. [[George Mason University]] and [[Mary Washington University]] used to similarly exist as UVA's [[satellite campus]]es, but those are now wholly independent universities no longer administered by the University of Virginia.

The [[#Academical Village|Academical Village]] and nearby [[Monticello]] became a joint [[World Heritage Site]] in 1987. Simultaneously with [[Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park]] and [[Chaco Culture National Historical Park]], they were the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth U.S. sites designated as culturally significant to the collective interests of global humanity, coming after the [[Statue of Liberty]] and [[Yosemite National Park]] three years earlier. As such, UVA possesses the only U.S. collegiate grounds to be internationally protected by the [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization]] (UNESCO).

==== Integration, coeducation, and student dissent ====
The University of Virginia first admitted a few selected women to graduate studies in the late 1890s and to certain programs such as nursing and education in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name="Breaking and Making Tradition">{{cite web |url=http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/exhibits/women/coeducation1.htmlhttp:// |title=Breaking and Making Tradition: Women at U VA |publisher=University of Virginia Library |access-date=September 14, 2012 |archive-date=October 17, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017041614/https://www.library.virginia.edu/exhibitions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1944, [[University of Mary Washington|Mary Washington College]] in [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]], became the Women's Undergraduate Arts and Sciences Division of the University of Virginia. With this branch campus in Fredericksburg exclusively for women, UVA maintained its main campus in Charlottesville as near-exclusively for men, until a civil rights lawsuit in the 1960s forced it to commingle the sexes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/projects/kenan/home.html|title=Storming the Gates of Knowledge: A Documentary History of Desegregation and Coeducation in Jefferson's Academical Village|author=Priya N. Parker|date=2004|access-date=May 9, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054418/http://www.virginia.edu/woodson/projects/kenan/home.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016}}</ref> In 1970, the Charlottesville campus became fully co-educational, and in 1972 Mary Washington became an independent state university.<ref>{{cite book
| last      = Alvey
| first     = Edward
| title     = History of Mary Washington College 1908–1972
| publisher = University of Virginia Press
| year      = 1974
| pages     = 278, 511
| isbn      = 978-0-8139-0528-0}}</ref> When the first female class arrived, 450 undergraduate women entered UVA, comprising 39 percent of undergraduates, while the number of men admitted remained constant. By 1999, women made up a 52 percent majority of the total student body.<ref name="Breaking and Making Tradition" /><ref name="enrollmentdata">[http://avillage.web.virginia.edu/iaas/instreports/studat/hist/enroll/year_by_gender.htm Historical Enrollment Data] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907051621/http://avillage.web.virginia.edu/iaas/instreports/studat/hist/enroll/year_by_gender.htm |date=September 7, 2014 }}, accessed September 6, 2014</ref>

The university admitted its first black student when Gregory Swanson sued to gain entrance into the university's law school in 1950.<ref name="Road to Desegregation">{{cite web|url=http://www.virginia.edu/100yearslawn/HarrisonI/Road.htmlhttp://|title=The Road to Desegregation: Jackson, NAACP, and Swanson|access-date=September 14, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021195347/http://www.virginia.edu/100yearslawn/HarrisonI/Road.html|archive-date=October 21, 2012}}</ref> Following his successful lawsuit, a handful of black graduate and professional students were admitted during the 1950s, though no black undergraduates were admitted until 1955, and UVA did not fully integrate until the 1960s.<ref name = "Road to Desegregation"/> When Walter Ridley graduated with a doctorate in education, he was the first black person to graduate from UVA.<ref name="Road to Desegregation" /> UVA's Ridley Scholarship Fund is named in his honor.<ref name="Road to Desegregation" />

The fight for integration and coeducation came to the foreground particularly in the late 1960s, leading up to the [[Student strike of 1970|May Strike of 1970]], in which students protested for higher black enrollment, equal access to UVA admission by undergraduate women, unionization of employees, and against the presence of armed university police and recruiters of government agencies such as the [[CIA]] and [[FBI]] on Grounds.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=May 21, 1970|title=President Shannon Met with STudent Council Tuesday Night|journal=The Sally Hemings|volume=1|issue=16|pages=1–2}}</ref>