Editing Union Pacific Railroad (section)

===Union Pacific in the 20th century===
In the early 20th century, Union Pacific's focus shifted from expansion to internal improvement. Recognizing that farmers in the [[Central Valley (California)|Central]] and [[Salinas Valley]]s of California grew produce far in excess of local markets, Union Pacific worked with its rival Southern Pacific to develop a spoilage-resistant rail-based transport system. These efforts came culminated in the 1906 founding of [[Pacific Fruit Express]], soon to be the world's largest lessee of [[Refrigerator car|refrigerated railcars]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pacific Fruit Express Company Forms |url=https://www.up.com/timeline/index.cfm |access-date=September 7, 2018 |publisher=Union Pacific}}</ref>

Meanwhile, Union Pacific worked to construct a faster, and more direct substitute for the original climb to [[Promontory Summit, Utah|Promontory Summit]]. In 1904, the [[Lucin Cutoff|Lucin cutoff]] opened, reducing curvature and grades. The original route would eventually be stripped of track in 1942 to provide [[United States home front during World War II#Local activism|war scrap]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucin Cutoff Opens |url=https://www.up.com/timeline/index.cfm/lucin-cutoff |access-date=September 7, 2018 |publisher=Union Pacific}}</ref>

To attract customers during the Great Depression, Union Pacific's chairman [[W. Averell Harriman]] simultaneously sought to "spruce up" the quality of its rolling stock and to make its unique locations more desirable travel destinations. The first effort resulted in the purchase of the first [[Streamliner|streamlined train]]: the [[M-10000]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=M-10000 Streamliner Debuts |url=https://www.up.com/timeline/index.cfm/m-10000 |access-date=September 7, 2018 |publisher=Union Pacific}} See also in the sidebar: "By 1936, Union Pacific’s shiny new Streamliners had begun to attract passengers back to the railroad, but the Depression was keeping passenger counts low."</ref> The latter resulted in the [[Sun Valley, Idaho|Sun Valley]] [[ski resort]] in central [[Idaho]]; it opened in 1936 and finally was sold in 1964.<ref name="invcharlft">{{Cite news |date=November 29, 2010 |title=Union Pacific Railroad invention still takes skiers to the top |url=http://www.uprr.com/newsinfo/releases/heritage_and_steam/2010/1129_sunvalley-chairlift.shtml |access-date=June 9, 2017 |publisher=Union Pacific Railroad}}</ref><ref name="exhosv">{{Cite web |last=Lund |first=Morten |date=2000 |title=An extraordinary history of Sun Valley |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k1gEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA20 |website=Skiing Heritage Journal |pages=20–25}}</ref> Despite the fact that the M-10000 and its successors were among the first diesel locomotives, Union Pacific completed [[Dieselisation|dieselization]] relatively late. In 1944, UP finally received delivery of its last steam locomotive: [[Union Pacific 844]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=UP Receives Its Last New Steam Locomotive |url=https://www.up.com/timeline/index.cfm/last-new-steam-locomotive |access-date=September 7, 2018 |publisher=Union Pacific}}</ref>

As the 20th century waned, Union Pacific recognized—like most railroads—that remaining a regional railroad would only lead to bankruptcy. On December 31, 1925, UP and its subsidiaries operated {{convert|9834|mile}} routes and {{convert|15,265|mile}} tracks;{{Citation needed|date=September 2018}} in 1980, these numbers had remained roughly constant (9,266 route-miles and 15,647 track-miles).<ref>1980 mileage is from ''Moody's Transportation Manual'' (1981); the ICC's ''Transport Statistics'' says Union Pacific System operated 8,614 route-miles at year end 1980, but the 1979 issue says 9,315 route-miles and the 1981 says 9,096, so their 1980 figures look unlikely.</ref> But in 1982, UP acquired the [[Missouri Pacific Railroad|Missouri Pacific]] and [[Western Pacific Railroad|Western Pacific]] railroads, and 1988, the [[Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad|Missouri–Kansas–Texas]].<ref name="Trains 2016" /> By 1993, Union Pacific had doubled its system to {{convert|17,385|mile}} routes.

By then, few large (class I) railroads remained. The same year that Union Pacific merged with the [[Chicago and North Western Transportation Company|Chicago and North Western]] (1995), [[Burlington Northern Railroad|Burlington Northern]] and [[ATSF]] announced merger plans. The impending BNSF amalgamation would leave one mega-railroad in control of the west. To compete, UP merged with [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific]], thereby incorporating [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad|D&RGW]] and [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway|Cotton Belt]], and forming a duopoly in the West.<ref name="Trains 2016">{{Cite journal |date=November 2016 |title=Mergers since 1980 |journal=[[Trains (magazine)|Trains]] |volume=76 |issue=11 |pages=31 |id={{ProQuest|1820289392}}}} (Sidebar on "Transcon Mergers" article.)</ref> The merged railroad took the Union Pacific name. As of 1999, the UP had {{convert|33,705|miles}} of track, about 33,000 employees, nearly 7,000 locomotives and over 155,000 rail cars.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Solomon, Brian |title=Union Pacific Railroad |date=2000 |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-1610605595 |page=7}}</ref>

{{Rail freight
| title=Revenue passenger traffic, in millions of passenger-miles{{refn|group=Note|Includes subsidiaries [[Oregon Short Line Railroad]], [[Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company]], [[Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad]], and [[St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway]], but not jointly-owned subsidiaries [[Spokane International Railroad]] or [[Mount Hood Railroad (Union Pacific subsidiary)|Mount Hood Railroad]].}}
| float=right
| 1925{{refn|name=Missing|group=Note|Does not include [[Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad|LNP&W]], [[Saratoga & Encampment Valley|S&EV]], or [[Pacific & Idaho Northern|P&IN]]}} | 1,065
| 1933<ref group="Note" name="Missing"/> | 436
| 1944<ref group="Note" name="Missing"/> | 5,481
| 1960 | 1,233
| 1970 | 333
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Revenue freight ton-miles (millions)<ref group="Note">Does not include jointly-owned subsidiaries [[Spokane International Railroad]] or [[Mount Hood Railroad (Union Pacific subsidiary)|Mount Hood Railroad]]; entry for 1993 includes all subsidiaries</ref>
|-
!  !! UP<ref group="Note">Includes subsidiaries [[Oregon Short Line Railroad]], [[Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company]], [[Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad]], and [[St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway]].</ref>!![[Laramie, North Park and Western Railroad|LNP&W]]!![[Saratoga & Encampment Valley|S&EV]]!![[Pacific & Idaho Northern|P&IN]]
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1925<ref name="ICC annual reports">ICC annual reports</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 12,869 || 10 ||  || 3
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1933<ref name="ICC annual reports" />{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 8,639 || 4 || 0.4 || (into UP)
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1944<ref name="ICC annual reports" />{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 37,126 || 7 || 0.7
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1960<ref name="ICC annual reports" />{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 33,280 || (into UP) || (into UP)
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1970<ref name="ICC annual reports" />{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 47,575
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1979<ref name="MIS">[[Moody's Investors Service|Moody's]] report</ref>{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 73,708
|- style="text-align:right;"
! scope="row" | 1993<ref name="MIS" />{{Full citation needed|date=September 2018}}
| 220,697
|}