Editing Tyrol (state) (section)

==History==
{{Main|History of Tyrol}}
[[File:Alois Schönn Tiroler Wallfahrer.jpg|thumb|left|upright|''Tiroler Wallfahrer'' (Tyrolean pilgrims) by [[Alois Schönn]], 19th century]]
[[File:Innsbruck_Goldenes_Dachl_pc.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Goldenes Dachl|Golden Roof]], Innsbruck]]

=== Ancient and Early Middle Ages ===
In [[Ancient Rome|ancient]] times, the region was split between the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] provinces of [[Raetia]] (west of the Inn River) and [[Noricum]]. From the mid-6th century, it was resettled by Germanic [[Bavarii]] tribes.{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} In the [[Early Middle Ages]] it formed the southern part of the German [[stem duchy]] of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]], until the [[County of Tyrol|Counts of Tyrol]], former ''[[Vogt]]'' officials of the [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent|Trent]] and [[Bishopric of Brixen|Brixen]] prince-bishops at [[Tyrol Castle]], achieved [[imperial immediacy]] after the deposition of the Bavarian duke [[Henry X, Duke of Bavaria|Henry the Proud]] in 1138, and their possessions formed a [[Imperial State|state]] of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in its own right.

=== Medieval and Early Modern Eras ===
When the Counts of Tyrol died out in 1253, their estates were inherited by the [[Meinhardiner]] Counts of [[County of Görz|Görz]]. In 1271, the Tyrolean possessions were divided between Count [[Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia|Meinhard&nbsp;II of Görz]] and his younger brother [[Albert I of Gorizia|Albert&nbsp;I]], who took the lands of East Tyrol around Lienz and attached them (as "outer county") to his committal possessions around [[Gorizia]] ("inner county").

The last Tyrolean countess of the Meinhardiner Dynasty, [[Margaret, Countess of Tyrol|Margaret]], bequeathed her assets to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]] duke [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Rudolph&nbsp;IV of Austria]] in 1363. In 1420, the committal residence was relocated from [[Merano]] to Innsbruck. The Tyrolean lands were reunited when the Habsburgs inherited the estates of the extinct Counts of Görz in 1500.

=== 19th Century and WWI ===
In the course of the [[German mediatization]] in 1803, the [[prince-bishop]]rics of [[Prince-Bishopric of Trent|Trent]] and [[Bishopric of Brixen|Brixen]] were [[Secularization|secularized]] and merged into the County of Tyrol (which in the next year became a constituent land of the [[Austrian Empire]]), but Tyrol was ceded to the [[Kingdom of Bavaria]] in 1805. [[Andreas Hofer]] led the [[Tyrolean Rebellion]] against the French and Bavarian occupiers. Later, South Tyrol was ceded to the [[Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)|Kingdom of Italy]], a client state of the First French Empire, by Bavaria in 1810. After Napoleon's defeat, the whole of Tyrol was returned to Austria in 1814.

Tyrol was a [[Cisleithania]]n ''Kronland'' (royal territory) of [[Austria-Hungary]] from 1867. The County of Tyrol then extended beyond the boundaries of today's federal state, including North Tyrol and East Tyrol; South Tyrol and [[Trentino]] (''Welschtirol'') as well as three municipalities, which today are part of the adjacent province of Belluno. After [[World War&nbsp;I]], these lands became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] according to the 1915 [[Treaty of London (1915)|London Pact]] and the provisions of the [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Treaty of Saint Germain]]. From November 1918, it was occupied by 20,000–22,000 soldiers of the Italian Army.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agiati.it/UploadDocs/12255_Art_20_di_michele.pdf|title = Accademia degli Agiati}}</ref>
[[File:V-2 Rocket On Meillerwagen.jpg|thumb|Heinrich Maier, Walter Caldonazzi and their group helped the allies to fight the V-2, which was produced by [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]] prisoners.]]

=== WWII ===
Tyrol was the center of an important resistance group against Nazi Germany around Walter Caldonazzi, which united with the group around the priest [[Heinrich Maier]] and the Tyrolean Franz Josef Messner. The Catholic resistance group very successfully passed on plans and production facilities for [[V-1 flying bomb|V-1 rocket]]s, [[V-2 rocket]]s, [[Tiger tank]]s, [[Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet]] and other aircraft to the Allies, with which they could target German production facilities. Maier and his group informed the American secret service OSS very early on about the mass murder of Jews in Auschwitz. For after the war they planned an Austria united with South Tyrol and Bavaria.<ref>Elisabeth Boeckl-Klamper, Thomas Mang, Wolfgang Neugebauer: ''Gestapo-Leitstelle Wien 1938–1945.'' Vienna 2018, {{ISBN|978-3902494832}}, pp.&nbsp;299–305; Hans Schafranek: ''Widerstand und Verrat: Gestapospitzel im antifaschistischen Untergrund.'' Vienna 2017, {{ISBN|978-3707606225}}, pp. 161–248; Christoph Thurner "The CASSIA Spy Ring in World War&nbsp;II Austria: A History of the OSS's Maier-Messner Group" (2017), p.&nbsp;35.</ref>

After [[World War II]], North Tyrol was governed by [[France]] and East Tyrol was part of the British Zone of occupation until [[Austria]] regained independence in 1955.