Editing Typhon (section)

===Descriptions===
According to [[Hesiod]], Typhon was "terrible, outrageous and lawless",<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D306 306–307].</ref> immensely powerful, and on his shoulders were one hundred snake heads, that emitted fire and every kind of noise:
<blockquote>Strength was with his hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring. From his shoulders grew a hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and from under the brows of his eyes in his marvelous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at another, the noise of a bull bellowing aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at another, sounds like whelps, wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss, so that the high mountains re-echoed.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D820 823–835].</ref></blockquote>

The [[Homeric Hymns|''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'']] describes Typhon as "fell" and "cruel", and like neither gods nor men.<ref>[[Homeric Hymns|''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'']] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0138%3Ahymn%3D3%3Acard%3D305 306], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg003.perseus-eng1:349-396 351–352]. Gantz, p. 49, speculates that Typhon being given to the Python to raise "might suggest a resemblance to snakes".</ref> Three of [[Pindar]]'s poems have Typhon as hundred-headed (as in Hesiod),<ref>[[Pindar]], ''Pythian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D1 1.16], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DP.%3Apoem%3D8 8.16], ''Olympian'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0162%3Abook%3DO.%3Apoem%3D4 4.6–7].</ref> while apparently a fourth gives him only fifty heads,<ref>[[Pindar]], fragment 93 ''apud'' [[Strabo]], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/13D*.html 13.4.6] (Race, [http://www.loebclassics.com/view/pindar-fragments/1997/pb_LCL485.329.xml pp. 328–329]).</ref> but a hundred heads for Typhon became standard.<ref>Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA71 p. 71]; e.g. [[Aeschylus]] (?), ''[[Prometheus Bound]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=4995E0C297BD54D0B2C116B6EB6720BF?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0010%3Acard%3D343 355]; [[Aristophanes]], ''[[The Clouds|Clouds]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=A205633D9711B6F54B4D81A0B495D450?doc=Aristoph.+Cl.+336&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0241 336]; [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''[[Fabulae]]'' [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae4.html 152], [[Oppian]], ''[[Halieutica]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/oppiancolluthust00oppiuoft#page/344/mode/2up 3.15–25 (pp. 344–347)]
.</ref> A [[Chalcis|Chalcidian]] [[hydria]] ({{circa|540}}–530 BC), depicts Typhon as a winged humanoid from the waist up, with [[Anguiped|two snake tails for legs below]].<ref>Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA69 p. 69]; Gantz, p. 50; Munich Antikensammlung 596 = ''LIMC'' [http://www.iconiclimc.ch/visitors/treesearch.php?source=100&term=%22Typhon+14%22 Typhon 14] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522021509/https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA69 |date=2016-05-22 }}.</ref> [[Aeschylus]] calls Typhon "fire-breathing".<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Seven Against Thebes]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=A42BD799C97DBC41C7A35FFEF7B0B0B0?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0014%3Acard%3D486 511].</ref> For [[Nicander]] (2nd century BC), Typhon was a monster of enormous strength, and strange appearance, with many heads, hands, and wings, and with huge snake coils coming from his thighs.<ref>[[Nicander]], ''apud'' [[Antoninus Liberalis]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=9_Eolzuv0eQC&pg=PA87 28]; Gantz, p. 50.</ref>

[[File:Kircher oedipus aegyptiacus 24 typhon.png|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Illustration of Typhon from [[Athanasius Kircher]]'s ''[[Oedipus Aegyptiacus]]'', 1652]]

Apollodorus describes Typhon as a huge winged monster, whose head "brushed the stars", human in form above the waist, with snake coils below, and fire flashing from his eyes:

<blockquote>In size and strength he surpassed all the offspring of Earth. As far as the thighs he was of human shape and of such prodigious bulk that he out-topped all the mountains, and his head often brushed the stars. One of his hands reached out to the west and the other to the east, and from them projected a hundred dragons' heads. From the thighs downward he had huge coils of vipers, which when drawn out, reached to his very head and emitted a loud hissing. His body was all winged: unkempt hair streamed on the wind from his head and cheeks; and fire flashed from his eyes.</blockquote>

The most elaborate description of Typhon is found in [[Nonnus]]'s ''[[Dionysiaca]]''. Nonnus makes numerous references to Typhon's serpentine nature,<ref>Ogden 2013a, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FQ2pAK9luwkC&pg=PA72 p. 72].</ref> giving him a "tangled army of snakes",<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/16/mode/2up 1.187 (I pp. 16–17)].</ref> snaky feet,<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/46/mode/2up 2.30, 36 (I pp. 46–47)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/54/mode/2up 2.141 (I pp. 54–55)].</ref> and hair.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/16/mode/2up 1.173 (I pp. 16–17)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/46/mode/2up 2.32 (I pp. 46–47)]</ref> According to Nonnus, Typhon was a "poison-spitting viper",<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/18/mode/2up 1.218 (I pp. 18–19)].</ref> whose "every hair belched viper-poison",<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/38/mode/2up 1.508–509 (I pp. 38–41)].</ref> and Typhon "spat out showers of poison from his throat; the mountain torrents were swollen, as the monster showered fountains from the viperish bristles of his high head",<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/46/mode/2up 2.31–33 (I pp. 46–47)].</ref> and "the water-snakes of the monster's viperish feet crawl into the caverns underground, spitting poison!".<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/54/mode/2up 2.141–142 (I pp. 54–55)].</ref>

Following Hesiod and others, Nonnus gives Typhon many heads (though untotaled), but in addition to snake heads,<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/62/mode/2up 2.243 (I pp. 62–63)].</ref> Nonnus also gives Typhon many other animal heads, including leopards, lions, bulls, boars, bears, cattle,  wolves, and dogs, which combine to make 'the cries of all wild beasts together',<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/15/mode/2up 1.154–162 (I pp. 14–15)].</ref> and a "babel of screaming sounds".<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/62/mode/2up 2.444–256 (I pp. 62–65)].</ref> Nonnus also gives Typhon "legions of arms innumerable",<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/72/mode/2up 2.381 (I pp. 72–73)]; also [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/62/mode/2up 2.244 (I pp. 62–63)] ("many-armed Typhoeus").</ref> and where Nicander had only said that Typhon had "many" hands, and Ovid had given Typhon a hundred hands, Nonnus gives Typhon two hundred.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D3%3Acard%3D251 3.301]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/24/mode/2up 1.297 (I pp. 24–25)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/70/mode/2up 2.343 (I pp. 70–71)], [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca01nonnuoft#page/90/mode/2up 2.621 (I pp. 90–91)].</ref>