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===1800s=== By 1812, the Augusta Forge went out of business. Townsend sold the {{convert|7000|acre|ha|adj=on}} Augusta Tract to [[Pierre Lorillard II]], who was in the [[tobacco]] business. Mining continued into the 1840s, until the iron ore was largely depleted. The Lorillards later used the tract for lumbering. It helped supply fuel for the wood-fired [[Erie Railroad]], which was built in 1841. The southern part of Tuxedo, known as Eagle Valley, was devoted to farming, as were areas just south of Lake Mombasha: Helmsburg and Bramertown were named after early colonial settlers. In the northern part of town, in the area known as Arden, the Greenwood Furnace was established in 1810. During the [[American Civil War]], this forge produced the iron for the famous [[Parrott rifle]]s, which were built at the [[West Point Foundry]] by the Parrott Brothers, then owners of the Greenwood tract. The Southfields Methodist Church was built in 1848. The Parrotts built St. John's Episcopal Church in Arden in 1863. The cemetery along Route 17 in Arden was associated with St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1867 but later closed due to demographic changes in residents. It was demolished. By the 1890s, the area iron industry had declined due to the decrease in ore and the discovery of the rich surface beds of the [[Mesabi Range]] in Minnesota. The Town of Tuxedo was established twice from the Town of Monroe. First, in 1863 it was founded as the Town of Southfields by the Orange County Board of Supervisors, the legislative body of the county. The supervisors changed their decision in 1865 and the area was returned to Monroe. On December 19, 1889, the Board of Supervisors approved separating the Town of Tuxedo from Monroe. The act was implemented on March 4, 1890. ====Tuxedo Park==== [[Pierre Lorillard IV]] conceived the idea of the planned community of [[Tuxedo Park, New York|Tuxedo Park]]. In 1884 he began buying up his siblings' shares in the Augusta tract, with the intention of creating a hunting-and-fishing resort surrounding the 291-acre Tuxedo Lake. The mammoth development project, laid out by the architect [[Bruce Price]] and civil engineer Ernest W. Bowditch, was constructed by some 1,800 [[Italians|Italian]] and [[Slovaks|Slovak]] immigrant laborers in about eighteen months. <blockquote>"When the [[Tuxedo Club]] opened on June 16, 1886, close to 5,000 acres [2,000 ha] had been planned, 30 miles [48 km] of [[macadam]] roads had been built, and 40 buildings stood complete. These were soon joined by a boathouse, a school, a racetrack, a golf course (possibly the second-oldest in the country), indoor tennis courts, a game preserve and breeding ponds, a swimming pool, an electrified [[toboggan]] run, 30 miles of bridle paths, and the first water, sewer, and telephone systems outside a major metropolis."<ref>James D. Kornwolf, "American Architecture and the Aesthetic Movement" ''In Pursuit of Beauty'' (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986), pp. 376-77.</ref> </blockquote> The resort attracted a number of the financial, industrial and social leaders of the day, particularly those who worked in New York City. During the first thirty years, more than 250 houses and stables were built in Tuxedo Park, as well as retail stores and service buildings in the so-called [[Administrative divisions of New York (state)#Hamlet|hamlet]]. Three churches, all still standing (one is used by the Tuxedo Historical Society today), a train station, a library, and a post office were also built, as well as a school and a hospital. Businessmen could commute by rail into New York City.
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