Editing Turkic languages (section)

===Pre-history===
The homeland of the [[Turkic peoples]] and their language is suggested to be somewhere between the [[Trans-Caspia|Transcaspian steppe]] and [[Northeastern Asia]] ([[Manchuria]]),<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yunusbayev |first1=Bayazit |last2=Metspalu |first2=Mait |last3=Metspalu |first3=Ene |last4=Valeev |first4=Albert |last5=Litvinov |first5=Sergei |last6=Valiev |first6=Ruslan |last7=Akhmetova |first7=Vita |last8=Balanovska |first8=Elena |last9=Balanovsky |first9=Oleg |display-authors=3 |date=2015-04-21 |title=The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=e1005068 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 |issn=1553-7390 |pmc=4405460 |pmid=25898006 |quote=The origin and early dispersal history of the Turkic peoples is disputed, with candidates for their ancient homeland ranging from the Transcaspian steppe to Manchuria in Northeast Asia, |doi-access=free }}</ref> with genetic evidence pointing to the region near [[South Central Siberia|South Siberia]] and [[Mongolia]] as the "Inner Asian Homeland" of the Turkic ethnicity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yunusbayev |first1=Bayazit |last2=Metspalu |first2=Mait |last3=Metspalu |first3=Ene |last4=Valeev |first4=Albert |last5=Litvinov |first5=Sergei |last6=Valiev |first6=Ruslan |last7=Akhmetova |first7=Vita |last8=Balanovska |first8=Elena |last9=Balanovsky |first9=Oleg |display-authors=3 |date=2015-04-21 |title=The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=e1005068 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 |issn=1553-7390 |pmc=4405460 |pmid=25898006 |quote="Thus, our study provides the first genetic evidence supporting one of the previously hypothesized IAHs to be near Mongolia and South Siberia." |doi-access=free }}</ref> Similarly several linguists, including [[Juha Janhunen]], [[Roger Blench]] and Matthew Spriggs, suggest that modern-day [[Mongolia]] is the homeland of the early Turkic language.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=48iKiprsRMwC&pg=PA203 |title=Archaeology and Language II: Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses |last1=Blench |first1=Roger |last2=Spriggs |first2=Matthew |year=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781134828692 |language=en |page=203 |access-date=9 April 2020 |archive-date=15 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124027/https://books.google.com/books?id=48iKiprsRMwC&pg=PA203 |url-status=live }}</ref> Relying on Proto-Turkic lexical items about the climate, topography, flora, fauna, people's modes of subsistence, Turkologist [[Peter Benjamin Golden]] locates the Proto-Turkic Urheimat in the southern, taiga-steppe zone of the [[Sayan mountains|Sayan]]-[[Altay mountains|Altay]] region.<ref>Golden, Peter Benjamin (2011). "Ethnogenesis in the tribal zone: The Shaping of the Turks". ''[https://www.academia.edu/9609971 Studies on the peoples and cultures of the Eurasian steppes]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026130626/https://www.academia.edu/9609971/Studies_on_the_Peoples_and_Cultures_of_the_Eurasian_Steppes |date=26 October 2020 }}''. Bucureşti: Ed. Acad. Române. pp. 35–37.</ref>

Extensive contact took place between [[Proto-Turkic language|Proto-Turks]] and [[Proto-Mongols]] approximately during the first millennium BC; the shared cultural tradition between the two [[Eurasian nomads|Eurasian nomadic]] groups is called the "[[Turco-Mongol]]" tradition. The two groups shared a similar religion system, [[Tengrism]], and there exists a multitude of evident loanwords between Turkic languages and [[Mongolic languages]]. Although the loans were bidirectional, today Turkic loanwords constitute the largest foreign component in Mongolian vocabulary.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clark |first=Larry V. |date=1980 |title=Turkic Loanwords in Mongol, I: The Treatment of Non-initial S, Z, Š, Č |journal=[[Central Asiatic Journal]] |volume=24 |issue=1/2 |pages=36–59 |jstor=41927278}}</ref>

Italian historian and philologist [[Igor de Rachewiltz]] noted a significant distinction of the [[Chuvash language]] from other Turkic languages. According to him, the Chuvash language does not share certain common characteristics with Turkic languages to such a degree that some scholars consider it an independent Chuvash family similar to Uralic and Turkic languages. Turkic classification of Chuvash was seen as a compromise solution for the classification purposes.<ref>''Rachewiltz, Igor de.'' [http://сувары.рф/node/754 Introduction to Altaic philology: Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu] / by Igor de Rachewiltz and Volker Rybatzki; with the collaboration of Hung Chin-fu. p. cm. — (Handbook of Oriental Studies = Handbuch der Orientalistik. Section 8, Central Asia; 20). — Leiden; Boston, 2010. — P. 7.</ref>

Some lexical and extensive typological similarities between Turkic and the nearby [[Tungusic languages|Tungusic]] and [[Mongolic languages|Mongolic]] families, as well as the [[Korean language|Korean]] and [[Japonic languages|Japonic]] families has in more recent years been instead attributed to prehistoric contact amongst the group, sometimes referred to as the [[Sprachbund#Northeast Asia|Northeast Asian sprachbund]]. A more recent (circa first millennium BC) contact between "core Altaic" (Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic) is distinguished from this, due to the existence of definitive common words that appear to have been mostly borrowed from Turkic into Mongolic, and later from Mongolic into Tungusic, as Turkic borrowings into Mongolic significantly outnumber Mongolic borrowings into Turkic, and Turkic and Tungusic do not share any words that do not also exist in Mongolic.

[[File:Kuli Chur inscription.jpg|thumb|right|[[Old Turkic language|Old Turkic]] [[Kul-chur inscription]] with the [[Old Turkic alphabet]] ({{c.|8th century}}). [[Töv Province]], Mongolia]]
Turkic languages also show some Chinese [[loanword]]s that point to early contact during the time of [[Proto-Turkic language|Proto-Turkic]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7i5CAAAQBAJ&q=turkic+mongolian+related&pg=PA76|title=The Turkic Languages|last1=Johanson|first1=Lars|last2=Johanson|first2=Éva Ágnes Csató|date=2015-04-29|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136825279|language=en|access-date=22 November 2020|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115124027/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7i5CAAAQBAJ&q=turkic+mongolian+related&pg=PA76|url-status=live}}</ref>