Editing Tuber (section)

===Potatoes===
{{Main|Potato}}
[[File:SolanumTuberosumYoungTuber.jpg|thumb|A young [[potato]] tuber]]

Potatoes are stem tubers{{snd}}enlarged stolons thicken to develop into [[storage organ]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://potatogenome.berkeley.edu/nsf5/potato_biology/tuber_formation.php |title=Potato Genome Project |author=University of California, Berkeley |author-link=University of California, Berkeley |access-date=17 July 2018 |archive-date=15 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715200630/http://potatogenome.berkeley.edu/nsf5/potato_biology/tuber_formation.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>"Interrelationships of the number of initial sprouts, stems, stolons and tubers per potato plant" ''Journal Potato Research''. Springer Netherlands {{ISSN|0014-3065}} (Print) {{ISSN|1871-4528}} (Online) Volume 33, Number 2 / June 1990</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/w/x/wxm15/Online/Botany/Stems/stem_lecture_01.htm |title=Introduction to Stems |access-date=2005-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050413012738/http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/w/x/wxm15/Online/Botany/Stems/stem_lecture_01.htm |archive-date=2005-04-13 | website = Pennsylvania State University - Environmental Science | publisher = Monaco Educational Service | date = 2000}}</ref> The tuber has all the parts of a normal stem, including nodes and internodes. The nodes are the eyes and each has a leaf scar. The nodes or eyes are arranged around the tuber in a spiral fashion beginning on the end opposite the attachment point to the stolon. The terminal bud is produced at the farthest point away from the stolon attachment and tubers, and thus show the same [[apical dominance]] as a normal stem. Internally, a tuber is filled with starch stored in enlarged [[parenchyma]]-like cells. The inside of a tuber has the typical cell structures of any stem, including a pith, vascular zones, and a cortex.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

The tuber is produced in one growing season and used to [[perennate]] the plant and as a means of [[Plant propagation|propagation]]. When fall comes, the above-ground structure of the plant dies, but the tubers survive underground over winter until spring, when they regenerate new shoots that use the stored food in the tuber to grow. As the main shoot develops from the tuber, the base of the shoot close to the tuber produces adventitious roots and lateral buds on the shoot. The shoot also produces stolons that are long [[etiolation|etiolated]] stems. The stolon elongates during long days with the presence of high [[auxins]] levels that prevent root growth off of the stolon. Before new tuber formation begins, the stolon must be a certain age. The enzyme lipoxygenase makes a hormone, [[jasmonic acid]], which is involved in the control of potato tuber development.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

The stolons are easily recognized when potato plants are grown from seeds. As the plants grow, stolons are produced around the soil surface from the nodes. The tubers form close to the soil surface and sometimes even on top of the ground. When potatoes are cultivated, the tubers are cut into pieces and planted much deeper into the soil. Planting the pieces deeper creates more area for the plants to generate the tubers and their size increases. The pieces sprout shoots that grow to the surface. These shoots are rhizome-like and generate short stolons from the nodes while in the ground. When the shoots reach the soil surface, they produce roots and shoots that grow into the green plant.{{cn|date=October 2023}}

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