Editing Trieste (section)

===Ancient history===
[[File:Arcoromano.jpg|thumb|[[Arco di Riccardo]], a Roman triumphal arch constructed from 33–32 BC]]
Since the second millennium BC, the location was an inhabited site. Originally an [[Illyria]]n settlement, the [[Adriatic Veneti|Veneti]] entered the region in the 10th–9th c. BC and seem to have given the town its name, ''Tergeste'', because ''terg*'' is a Venetic word meaning market (q.v. [[Oderzo]], whose ancient name was ''Opitergium''). Later, the town was captured by the [[Carni]], a tribe of the [[Eastern Alps]], before becoming part of the [[Roman Republic]] in 177 BC during the [[Second Istrian War]].<ref>Bernardini, F., Vinci, G., Horvat, J., De Min, A., Forte, E., Furlani, S., Lenaz, D., Pipan, M., Zhao, W., Sgambati, A., Potleca, M., Micheli, R., Fragiacomo, A., & Tuniz, C. (2015). Early Roman military fortifications and the origin of Trieste, Italy. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', ''112''(13), E1520–E1529. {{JSTOR|26462435}}</ref>

After being attacked by barbarians from the interior in 52 BC,<ref name="EB1911">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Tergeste|volume=26|page=641|first=Thomas|last=Ashby|author-link=Thomas Ashby (archaeologist)}}</ref> and until 46 BC, it was granted the status of Roman colony under [[Julius Caesar]], who recorded its name as ''Tergeste'' in ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico]]'' (51 BC), in which he recounts events of the [[Gallic Wars]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Commentarii_de_bello_Gallico/Liber_VIII#24 | title=Commentarii de bello Gallico/Liber VIII - Wikisource }}</ref>

During the imperial period the border of [[Roman Italy]] moved from the [[Timavo]] River to the Formione (today [[Rižana (river)|Risano]]). Roman Tergeste flourished due to its position on the road from [[Aquileia]], the main Roman city in the area, to [[Istria]], and as a port, some ruins of which are still visible. Emperor [[Augustus]] built a line of walls around the city in 33–32 BC, while [[Trajan]] built a theatre in the 2nd century. At the same time, the citizens of the town were enrolled in the tribe Pupinia. In 27 BC, Trieste was incorporated in ''Regio X'' of Augustan ''Italia''.<ref>Giulipaola Ruaro, ''Strolling Around Trieste'', (Trieste: Edizioni Fachin, 1986), 6</ref>

In the early Christian era Trieste continued to flourish. Between 138 and 161 AD, its territory was enlarged and nearby [[Carni]] and Catali were granted Roman citizenship by the Roman Senate and Emperor Antoninus Pius at the pleading of a leading Tergestine citizen, the ''quaestor urbanus'', Fabius Severus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sul ius adipiscendae c.R. nel decreto tergestino in onore di L. Fabius Severus |url=https://flore.unifi.it/handle/2158/1191036 |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=flore.unifi.it}}</ref>

Already at the time of the Roman Empire there was a fishing village called Vallicula ("small valley") in the [[Barcola]] area. Remains of richly decorated Roman villas, including wellness facilities, piers and extensive gardens suggest that Barcola was already a place for relaxation among the Romans because of its favourable microclimate, as it was located directly on the sea and protected from the [[Bora (wind)|bora]]. At that time, [[Pliny the Elder]] mentioned the vines of the wine Pulcino ("Vinum Pucinum" – probably today's "Prosecco"), which were grown on the slopes.<ref name="Zeno Saracino 2018">Zeno Saracino: "Pompei in miniatura": la storia di "Vallicula" o Barcola. In: Trieste All News. 29 September 2018.</ref>