Editing Tridentine Mass (section)

== Pope Pius V's revision of the liturgy ==
At the time of the Council of Trent, the traditions preserved in printed and manuscript missals varied considerably, and standardization was sought both within individual dioceses and throughout the [[Latin West]]. Standardization was required also in order to prevent the introduction into the liturgy of Protestant ideas in the wake of the [[Protestant Reformation]].

Pope Pius V accordingly imposed uniformity by law in 1570 with the [[papal bull]] "''Quo primum''", ordering use of the Roman Missal as revised by him.<ref name="QP"/> He allowed only those rites that were at least 200 years old to survive the promulgation of his 1570 Missal. Several of the rites that remained in existence were progressively abandoned, though the [[Ambrosian rite]] survives in [[Milan]], Italy and neighbouring areas, stretching even into Switzerland, and the [[Mozarabic rite]] remains in use to a limited extent in [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] and [[Madrid]], Spain. The [[Carmelite]], [[Carthusian]] and [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] religious orders kept their rites, but in the second half of the 20th century two of these three chose to adopt the [[Roman Rite]]. The rite of [[Braga]], in northern Portugal, seems to have been practically abandoned: since 18 November 1971 that archdiocese authorizes its use only on an optional basis.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://apostolicos.en.telepolis.com/9-BRAGA_(Portugal).html |title=Braga – Capital de Distrito |access-date=2006-12-27 |archive-date=2006-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060916182317/http://apostolicos.en.telepolis.com/9-BRAGA_%28Portugal%29.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Beginning in the late 17th century, France and neighbouring areas, such as [[Münster]], [[Cologne]] and [[Trier]] in Germany, saw a flurry of independent missals published by bishops influenced by [[Jansenism]] and [[Gallicanism]]. This ended when [[Abbot Guéranger]] and others initiated in the 19th century a campaign to return to the Roman Missal.

Pius V's revision of the liturgy had as one of its declared aims the restoration of the Roman Missal "to the original form and rite of the holy Fathers".<ref name="QP" /> Due to the relatively limited resources available to his scholars, this aim was in fact not realised.<ref>"Just after the Council of Trent, the study 'of ancient manuscripts in the Vatican library and elsewhere', as Saint Pius V attests in the Apostolic Constitution ''Quo primum'', helped greatly in the correction of the Roman Missal. Since then, however, other ancient sources have been discovered and published and liturgical formularies of the Eastern Church have been studied. Accordingly, many have had the desire for these doctrinal and spiritual riches not to be stored away in the dark, but to be put into use for the enlightenment of the mind of Christians and for the nurture of their spirit" ([http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0262r.htm Apostolic Constitution ''Missale Romanum''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101124024/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0262r.htm |date=2012-11-01}}).</ref>

Three different printings of Pius V's Roman Missal, with minor variations, appeared in 1570, a folio and a quarto edition in Rome and a folio edition in Venice. A reproduction of what is considered to be the earliest, referred to therefore as the ''editio princeps'', was produced in 1998.<ref>{{ISBN|88-209-2547-8}}; publisher: Libreria Editrice Vaticana; introduction and appendix by Manlio Sodi and Achille Maria Triacca</ref> In the course of the printing of the ''editio princeps'', some corrections were made by pasting revised texts over parts of the already printed pages.<ref>Introduction to the reproduction of the ''editio princeps'', pages XXVI-XXX</ref> There were several printings again in the following year 1571, with various corrections of the text.<ref>Introduction to the reproduction of the ''editio princeps'', pages XXI</ref>