Editing Toy Story (section)

== Production ==
=== Development ===
[[File:JohnLasseterOct2011.jpg|left|thumb|[[John Lasseter]] (pictured in 2011) co-wrote and directed ''Toy Story'']]
[[John Lasseter]]'s first experience with [[computer animation]] was during his work as an animator at [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]], when two of his friends showed him the light-cycle scene from ''[[Tron]]''. It was an eye-opening experience that awakened Lasseter to the possibilities offered by the new medium of computer-generated animation.{{sfn|Paik|2007|p=38}} Lasseter tried to pitch ''[[The Brave Little Toaster]]'' as a fully computer-animated film to Disney, but the idea was rejected and Lasseter was fired.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thewrap.com/waterman-gives-brave-little-toaster-new-lease-life-exclusive-56236/ |title=Waterman Gives 'Brave Little Toaster' a New Lease of Life (Exclusive) |website=[[The Wrap]] |date=September 12, 2012 |access-date=July 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613060939/https://www.thewrap.com/waterman-gives-brave-little-toaster-new-lease-life-exclusive-56236/|archive-date=June 13, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> He then went on to work at [[Lucasfilm]] and in 1986, he became a founding member of [[Pixar]]. In 1986, Pixar was purchased by entrepreneur and [[Apple Inc.]] co-founder [[Steve Jobs]].{{sfn|Paik|2007|p=41}} At Pixar, Lasseter created short, computer-animated films to show off the [[Pixar Image Computer]]'s capabilities. In 1988, Lasseter produced the short film ''[[Tin Toy]]'', which was told from the perspective of a toy, referencing Lasseter's love of classic toys. ''Tin Toy'' won the [[61st Academy Awards|1989 Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film|Best Animated Short Film]], the [[Timeline of computer animation in film and television|first computer-generated film to do so]].{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=181}}

''Tin Toy'' gained Disney's attention, and the new team at [[The Walt Disney Company]], CEO [[Michael Eisner]] and chairman [[Jeffrey Katzenberg]] in [[The Walt Disney Studios (division)|the film division]], sought to get Lasseter to come back.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=181}} Lasseter, grateful for Jobs' faith in him, felt compelled to stay with Pixar, telling co-founder [[Ed Catmull]], "I can go to Disney and be a director, or I can stay here and make history."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=181}} Katzenberg realized he could not lure Lasseter back to Disney and therefore set plans into motion to ink a production deal with Pixar to produce a film.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=181}} Disney had always made all their movies in-house and refused to change this. But when [[Tim Burton]], who used to work at Disney, wanted to buy back the rights to ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'', Disney struck a deal allowing him to make it as a Disney film outside the studio. This allowed Pixar to make their movies outside Disney.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/what-to-watch/pixar-history-good-dinosaur-toy-story/ |title=How Pixar became the world's greatest animation company |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=November 21, 2015 |access-date=July 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625215743/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/what-to-watch/pixar-history-good-dinosaur-toy-story/|archive-date=June 25, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both sides were willing. Catmull and fellow Pixar co-founder [[Alvy Ray Smith]] had long wanted to produce a computer-animated feature, but only by the early 1990s were the computers cheap and powerful enough to make this possible.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=117}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2007/05/16/droidmaker-takes-an-entertaining-informative-look-back-at-the-creation-of-computer-animation.aspx |title="Droidmaker" takes an entertaining & informative look back at the development of computer animation |date=May 15, 2007 |access-date=June 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623005143/http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2007/05/16/droidmaker-takes-an-entertaining-informative-look-back-at-the-creation-of-computer-animation.aspx |archive-date=June 23, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, Disney had licensed Pixar's [[Computer Animation Production System]] (CAPS), and that made it the largest customer for Pixar's computers.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}} Jobs made it apparent to Katzenberg that although Disney was happy with Pixar, it was not the other way around: "We want to do a film with you," said Jobs. "That would make us happy."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}}

Catmull, Smith, and head of animation [[Ralph Guggenheim]] met with [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]] president [[Peter Schneider (film executive)|Peter Schneider]] in the summer of 1990 to discuss making a feature film, but they found the atmosphere to be puzzling and contentious. They later learned that while Katzenberg was pushing the idea of working with Pixar, Schneider did not want to bring in a non-Disney animation studio. Katzenberg arranged to meet directly with the Pixar contingent, this time including Lasseter and Jobs. The Pixar team proposed a [[List of United States Christmas television specials|Christmas television special]], ''A Tin Toy Christmas'', as a first step, but Katzenberg countered that as long as they were gearing up to transition from 30-second commercials to a half-hour special, they might as well go all the way and make a feature-length film.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=119}}

Katzenberg also made it clear that he was only working with Pixar to get access to Lasseter's talents,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}}{{sfn|Price|2008|p=119}} and that the Pixar team would be signing up to work with a self-described "tyrant" and micro-manager.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}}{{sfn|Price|2008|p=119}} However, he invited them to talk with Disney's animators and get their opinions on working under him and Lasseter was impressed with what he heard.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=120}} The two companies began negotiations, although they disagreed on key points including whether Disney would get the rights to Pixar's animation technology{{sfn|Price|2008|p=120}} or whether Pixar would retain partial ownership of the films, characters, and home video and sequel rights.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}} As Pixar was nearing bankruptcy and desperate for funds,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}} they settled on a deal that would allow Disney to have complete ownership and control of the films and characters, including the rights to make sequels without Pixar's involvement, while Pixar would get approximately 12.5% of ticket sales.{{sfn|Kanfer|2000|p=229}}<ref name="BizWeekBOX" /> These early negotiations became a point of contention between Jobs and Eisner for many years.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=206}}

An agreement to produce a feature film based on ''Tin Toy'' with a working title of ''Toy Story'' was finalized, and production began soon thereafter.<ref name="PixMagicMan">{{cite news |last=Schlender |first=Brent |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/05/15/magazines/fortune/pixar_futureof_fortune_052906/index.htm |title=Pixar's magic man |date=May 17, 2006 |publisher=[[CNNMoney.com]] |access-date=March 11, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120715081233/http://money.cnn.com/2006/05/15/magazines/fortune/pixar_futureof_fortune_052906/index.htm|archive-date=July 15, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Writing ===
Originally, ''Toy Story'' was going to feature "Tinny", the wind-up one-man band toy from the ''Tin Toy'' short film, along with "the dummy", a [[ventriloquist's dummy]]. While the film's premise was still about toys' desire to be played with by children, the rest of the film's script, which involved Tinny being left behind at a gas station, meeting up with the dummy, and having a series of adventures before finding their way into a kindergarten classroom where they can be played with every day, was quite different.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=121}} Katzenberg was unhappy with the [[Film treatment|treatment]] drafted by Lasseter, [[Andrew Stanton]], and [[Pete Docter]], as the two character's motivations were too similar. Instead, he encouraged them to write it as a [[buddy film]], giving the two main characters contrasting personalities, and having them only become friends after being forced to work together.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=124}}{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=207}} Lasseter, Stanton, and Docter delivered a revised treatment in September 1991 that more closely resembles the final version of the film: Tinny replaces the ventriloquist dummy as a child's favorite toy, their bickering causes them to be left behind at a gas station, they almost catch up to the family at a pizza restaurant, they have to escape a kid that mutilates toys, and the movie ends with a chase scene as the two toys try to catch up to the family's moving van.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=124}}

The script went through many changes before the final version of it. Lasseter decided Tinny was "too antiquated"; the character was first changed to a military action figure in the likes of ''[[G.I. Joe]]'' and was then given a space theme. Tinny's name changed to Lunar Larry, then Tempus from Morph, and eventually [[Buzz Lightyear]] (after astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]]).{{sfn|Price|2008|p=125}} Lightyear's design was modeled on the suits worn by [[Apollo program|Apollo]] astronauts as well as the aforementioned ''G.I. Joe'' action figures. Also, the green and purple color scheme on Lightyear's suit was inspired by Lasseter and his wife, Nancy, whose favorite colors are green and purple, respectively.<ref name="BuzzDesign">{{cite news |title=Disney's Buzz Lightyear and Wall-E explore space for NASA |publisher=[[Space.com]] |date=June 24, 2008 |url=http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-062408a.html |access-date=March 13, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120724051156/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-062408a.html|archive-date=July 24, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Paik|2007|p=103}} Woody was inspired by a [[Casper the Friendly Ghost]] doll that Lasseter had when he was a child; he was a ventriloquist's dummy with a pull-string (hence the name "Woody"). This was until character designer [[Bud Luckey]] suggested that Woody could be changed to a cowboy ventriloquist dummy. Lasseter liked the contrast between the [[Western (genre)|Western]] and the [[science fiction]] genres and the character immediately changed. Eventually, all of the ventriloquist dummy aspects of the character were deleted as the dummy looked "sneaky and mean".{{sfn|Price|2008|p=126}} However they kept the name "Woody" to pay homage to the Western actor [[Woody Strode]].{{sfn|Price|2008|p=125}} The story department drew inspiration from films such as ''[[Midnight Run]]'' and ''[[The Odd Couple (film)|The Odd Couple]]'',<ref name="MidnightRunInfluence">{{cite web |url=http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/12024 |title=Charlie Rose Interview of John Lasseter |author=[[Charlie Rose]] |date=December 2, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208022936/http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/12024 |archive-date=December 8, 2011 |access-date=November 21, 2016}}</ref> and Lasseter screened [[Hayao Miyazaki]]'s ''[[Castle in the Sky]]'' for further influence.

Since ''Toy Story''{{'}}s script writers had little experience with feature films, they attended a seminar given by screenwriter [[Robert McKee]].{{sfn|Price|2008|p=126}} They were inspired by his guidance, based on [[Aristotle]]'s ''[[Poetics (Aristotle)|Poetics]]'', that the main character in a story should be defined by how they react to the obstacles they face, and that it is those obstacles that make characters interesting.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=127}} Disney also appointed the duo [[Joel Cohen (writer)|Joel Cohen]] and [[Alec Sokolow]] and, later, [[Joss Whedon]] to help develop the script. Whedon thought that while the script did not work, it had "a great structure". He added the character of [[Rex (Toy Story)|Rex]] and sought a pivotal role for a [[Barbie]] doll; the latter transformed into [[Bo Peep (Toy Story)|Bo Peep]] as [[Mattel]] would not license the character.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=128}} Whedon also re-visioned Buzz Lightyear from being a dim-witted but cheerful and self-aware character to an action figure who isn't aware that he's a toy—an epiphany that transformed the film.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/joss-whedon-cowrote-toy-story-2014-9 |title='Toy Story' Had An Unwatchable Script Until Joss Whedon Saved It |author=Kirsten Acuna |date=September 23, 2014 |publisher=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702162757/https://www.businessinsider.com/joss-whedon-cowrote-toy-story-2014-9|archive-date=July 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> A brainstorming session with members of Disney Animation's creative team resulted in the addition of the [[Little Green Men (Toy Story)|three-eyed squeaky toy aliens]].{{sfn|Price|2008|p=137}}

''Toy Story'' was the first animated film for which [[scratch vocal]]s were recorded first for all reels, to be later replaced by production sound.<ref name="Peri_Page_195">{{cite book |last1=Peri |first1=Don |last2=Docter |first2=Pete |author2-link=Pete Docter |title=Directing at Disney: The Original Directors of Walt's Animated Films |date=2024 |publisher=Disney Editions |location=Los Angeles |isbn=9781484755747 |page=195 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ovdZEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA195#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref>  Before that point, animation studios were more disorganized as to when scratch vocals or production sound were recorded for any particular reel.<ref name="Peri_Page_195" />  For example, during the 1980s, Disney Animation experimented with recording production sound for all reels (without recording scratch vocals first) before starting animation.<ref name="Peri_Page_195" />

=== Casting ===
[[File:Tom Hanks TIFF 2019.jpg|left|thumb|[[Tom Hanks]] voiced Woody]]
Katzenberg approved the script on January 19, 1993, at which point voice casting began.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> [[Paul Newman]], who subsequently accepted the role of [[Doc Hudson]] in the 2006 Pixar film ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'', was considered for the role of Woody.<ref>{{cite web |last=Evans |first=Bradford |title=The Lost Roles of Jim Carrey |date=March 17, 2011 |publisher=[[Splitsider]] |url=http://splitsider.com/2011/03/the-lost-roles-of-jim-carrey/ |access-date=March 28, 2016 |quote=Early in Toy Story's development, producers wanted Paul Newman as Woody and Jim Carrey as Buzz Lightyear, with the two actors representing Old Hollywood and New Hollywood, respectively. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150808040454/http://splitsider.com/2011/03/the-lost-roles-of-jim-carrey/|archive-date=August 8, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Robin Williams]] and [[Clint Eastwood]] were also considered for Woody,<ref name="Screen Rant">{{cite web|last=Sherlock|first=Ben|title=Toy Story: 10 Actors Who Almost Voiced Iconic Roles|url=https://screenrant.com/toy-story-famous-actors-almost-voiced-iconic-roles-disney-pixar/|date=January 7, 2020|publisher=[[Screen Rant]]|access-date=October 28, 2021|archive-date=October 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028201807/https://screenrant.com/toy-story-famous-actors-almost-voiced-iconic-roles-disney-pixar/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref> but Lasseter always wanted [[Tom Hanks]] to play the role. Lasseter claimed that Hanks "has the ability to take emotions and make them appealing. Even if the character, like the one in ''[[A League of Their Own]]'', is down-and-out and despicable."<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> To gauge how an actor's voice might fit with a character, Lasseter borrowed a common Disney technique: animate a vocal monologue from a well-established actor to meld the actor's voice with the appearance or actions of the animated character.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=128}} This early test footage, using Hanks' voice from ''[[Turner & Hooch]]'', convinced Hanks to sign on to the film.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /><ref name="DVDTurnerHooch">{{cite AV media |title=Toy Story (10th Anniversary Edition) – (Making Toy Story) |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |time=6:43 |date=September 6, 2005}}</ref>

[[Billy Crystal]] was approached to play Buzz, and was given his own monologue, utilizing dialogue from ''[[When Harry Met Sally]]''. However, he turned down the role, believing the film would be unsuccessful due to its animation. Crystal regretted this upon seeing the film; he subsequently accepted the role of [[Mike Wazowski]] in the 2001 Pixar film ''[[Monsters, Inc.]]''. In addition to Crystal, [[Bill Murray]], [[Chevy Chase]] and [[Jim Carrey]], along with a number of other actors, including [[Jason Alexander]], [[Dan Aykroyd]], [[Matthew Broderick]], [[Kevin Costner]], [[Michael J. Fox]], [[Richard Gere]], [[David Hasselhoff]], [[Michael Keaton]], [[Wayne Knight]], [[Bill Paxton]], [[Dennis Quaid]], [[Kurt Russell]], [[Adam Sandler]] and [[John Travolta]], were also considered for the role of Buzz.<ref>{{cite web|last=Evans|first=Bradford|title=The Lost Roles of Bill Murray |date=February 17, 2011|url=http://splitsider.com/2011/02/the-lost-roles-of-bill-murray/ |access-date=May 25, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520115025/http://splitsider.com/2011/02/the-lost-roles-of-bill-murray |archive-date=May 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Farr |first=John |title=Bill Murray and the Roles That Got Away |date=September 19, 2014 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-farr/bill-murray-and-the-roles_b_5850434.html |work=The Huffington Post |access-date=May 25, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160111082612/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/john-farr/bill-murray-and-the-roles_b_5850434.html|archive-date=January 11, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Locke |first=Greg W. |title=The Top 25 Roles Bill Murray Didn't Take |date=August 26, 2011 |url=http://www.zecatalist.com/lists/the-top-25-roles-bob-murray-didnt-take/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125110247/http://www.zecatalist.com/lists/the-top-25-roles-bob-murray-didnt-take/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 25, 2011 |access-date=May 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE FACES & FACTS BEHIND DISNEY CHARACTERS |publisher=[[E!]] |url=http://www.eonline.com/photos/12354/the-faces-facts-behind-disney-characters/380688 |access-date=April 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314063133/http://www.eonline.com/photos/12354/the-faces-facts-behind-disney-characters/380688|archive-date=March 14, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kozak |first1=Jim |title=Serenity Now! |url=http://www.infocusmag.com/05augustseptember/whedonuncut.htm |access-date=August 10, 2015 |work=In Focus |publisher=National Association of Theatre Owners |date=August 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050803002725/http://www.infocusmag.com/05augustseptember/whedonuncut.htm |archive-date=August 3, 2005 |quote=Ironically, Disney put the kibosh on the person they wanted for Buzz Lightyear because he wasn't famous enough, so we couldn't use Jim Carrey. But they had Tom Hanks in place.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://splitsider.com/2011/09/the-lost-roles-of-chevy-chase/ |title=The Lost Roles of Chevy Chase |last=Evans |first=Bradford |website=Splitsider |access-date=November 21, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130202173248/http://splitsider.com/2011/09/the-lost-roles-of-chevy-chase/|archive-date=February 2, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Screen Rant2">{{cite web|last=Sherlock|first=Ben|date=December 28, 2019|title=To Infinity And Beyond: 10 Behind-The-Scenes Facts About The Toy Story Movies|url=https://screenrant.com/toy-story-movies-disney-franchise-behind-scenes-facts-woody-buzz-lightyear/|access-date=October 28, 2021|publisher=[[Screen Rant]]|archive-date=October 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030181650/https://screenrant.com/toy-story-movies-disney-franchise-behind-scenes-facts-woody-buzz-lightyear/|url-status=live}}</ref> Lasseter took the role to [[Tim Allen]], who was appearing in Disney's ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]'', and he accepted.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=129}} Crystal later stated in an interview that he would not have been right as Buzz, and that Allen was "fantastic" in the role.<ref name="BillyCrystal">{{cite web |url=http://www.crankycritic.com/qa/pf_articles/billycrystal.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011218114851/http://crankycritic.com/qa/pf_articles/billycrystal.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 18, 2001 |title=Billy Crystal – Cranky Critic StarTalk |last=Fischer |first=Paul |access-date=March 11, 2009}}</ref><ref name="BillyCrystalCT">{{cite news |last=Pearlman |first=Cindy |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF7B35B6B4F1765&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM |title=Crystal clear on 'Monsters' |format=Fee required |date=October 28, 2001 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=March 16, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113070726/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=CSTB&p_theme=cstb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EF7B35B6B4F1765&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|archive-date=January 13, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> Before [[Wallace Shawn]] and [[Jim Varney]] were cast as Rex and Slinky Dog, [[Rick Moranis]] and [[John Cleese]] were originally considered for the roles.<ref name="Screen Rant"/>

To cast Andy, Pixar held an open call for young male actors to bring a toy with them. [[John Morris (American actor)|John Morris]] (who voices Andy in the film) brought multiple toys, specifically 45 ''[[X-Men]]'' figures, contrary to the instructions of bringing just one, and Pixar reacted to his dumping of the toys with laughter.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bierly |first=Mandi |date=June 18, 2010 |url=https://ew.com/article/2010/06/18/toy-story-3-john-morris-andy/ |title='Toy Story 3': Q&A with the voice of Andy, John Morris |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=April 15, 2021|archive-date=December 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208145250/https://ew.com/article/2010/06/18/toy-story-3-john-morris-andy/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Toy Story'' was both Hanks' and Allen's first animated film, and they recorded their lines together to make their characters' chemistry and interactions realistic.<ref name="FirstAnimated">{{cite news |last=Michael |first=Dennis |url=http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9511/toy_story/stars/index.html |title='Toy Story' stars say being animated is hard work |date=November 25, 1995 |work=CNN|access-date=March 12, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121210054342/http://edition.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Movies/9511/toy_story/stars/index.html|archive-date=December 10, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Production shutdown ===
{{redirect|Black Friday Incident|instances of violence in stores on Black Fridays|Black Friday (shopping)#Instances of violence and chaos on Black Friday}}
Every couple of weeks, Lasseter and his team showed Disney their latest storyboards or footage. Disney was impressed by Pixar's technical innovation, but less so of the plot. Katzenberg discarded most of Pixar's script ideas, giving his own extensive notes. Katzenberg primarily wanted to add "more edginess" to the two main characters,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=207}} as Disney wanted ''Toy Story'' to appeal to both children and adults, and they asked for adult references to be added to the film.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> The characters ended up being stripped of their charm,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=207}}{{sfn|Price|2008|p=129}} with Hanks, while recording Woody's dialogue for the story reels, pointed out that the Woody character had been made into a "real jerk".{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=207}} Pixar screened the first half of the film for Disney executives on November 19, 1993—an event they later dubbed the "Black Friday Incident".<ref name="EWToyWonder">{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2010/06/29/toy-story-inside-buzz/ |title=Toy' Wonder |date=December 8, 1995 |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |access-date=March 11, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205204251/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,299897,00.html|archive-date=December 5, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}} The results were disastrous, and Disney's head of feature animation, Peter Schneider, halted production.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=130}} Katzenberg asked colleague [[Thomas Schumacher]] why the reels were bad, to which Schumacher answered, "Because it's not their movie anymore; it's completely not the movie that John set out to make."{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}}

Lasseter was embarrassed by the current state of the film, later recalling, "It was a story filled with the most unhappy, mean characters that I've ever seen." Katzenberg allowed him to take the script back to Pixar for rewrites,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}} and the production crew shifted to television commercials while the head writers worked out a new script, being funded personally by Jobs until Disney resumed production.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}} Although Lasseter attempted to keep morale high by remaining outwardly buoyant, the production shutdown was "a very scary time" according to story department manager BZ Petroff.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=131}} Schneider appealed directly to Eisner to cancel the project altogether.<ref name="autogenerated2005">{{cite AV media |title=Toy Story (10th Anniversary Edition) – (Filmmakers Reflect) |medium=DVD |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |date=September 6, 2005}}</ref>{{sfn|Price|2008|p=124}} Stanton and the other story artists worked to quickly produce new script pages, with help from consultants such as Whedon, and the first revisions were completed in two weeks as promised.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=131}}

Pixar's script rewrites took three months, and saw Woody transformed from a tyrant to a wise leader. It also included a more adult-oriented staff meeting amongst the toys rather than the juvenile group discussion that had existed in earlier drafts. Buzz Lightyear's character was also changed "to make it more clear to the audience that he genuinely doesn't know he's a toy".<ref name="autogenerated2005" /> Katzenberg and Schneider resumed production with the new script by February 1994,{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}} and the voice actors returned one month later to record their new lines.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> The crew grew from 24 people to 110, and now included 27 animators and 22 technical directors.<ref name=ew7 />{{sfn|Price|2008|p=133}} In comparison, ''[[The Lion King]]'', released in 1994, required a staff of 800.<ref name=ew7>{{cite magazine |url=https://ew.com/article/2010/06/29/toy-story-inside-buzz/ |title='Toy Story': The Inside Buzz |magazine=Entertainment Weekly |date=December 8, 1995 |access-date=July 8, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112201126/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,299897_7,00.html |archive-date=January 12, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the early budgeting process, Jobs was eager to produce the film as efficiently as possible, impressing Katzenberg with his focus on cost-cutting. However, the $17&nbsp;million production budget was no longer going to be sufficient, and Jobs requested more funds from Disney to compensate them for the time lost in rewrites based on Katzenberg's notes. Catmull was able to reach a compromise on a new budget, but the incident led Jobs to rethink their deal with Disney.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}}

=== Animation ===
{{quote box|width=30em|quote=We couldn't have made this movie in traditional animation. This is a story that can only really be told with three-dimensional toy characters. ... Some of the shots in this film are so beautiful.|source=—Tom Schumacher, Vice President of Walt Disney Feature Animation<ref name=DeseretNewsVP>{{cite news |last=Hicks |first=Chris |title=Animation: Disney is Still King |url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/444669/ANIMATION--DISNEY-IS-STILL-KING.html?pg=all |access-date=October 17, 2012 |newspaper=Deseret News |date=October 13, 1995|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130121130327/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/444669/ANIMATION--DISNEY-IS-STILL-KING.html?pg=all|archive-date=January 21, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
Recruiting animators for ''Toy Story'' was brisk; the magnet for talent was not the pay, which was mediocre, but the allure of taking part in the first computer-animated feature.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=133}} Lasseter said of the challenges of computer animation, "We had to make things look more organic. Every leaf and blade of grass had to be created. We had to give the world a sense of history. So the doors are banged up, the floors have scuffs."<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> The film began with animated storyboards to guide the animators in developing the characters. 27 animators worked on the film, using 400 computer models to animate the characters. Each character was first either created out of [[Modelling clay|clay]] or modeled from a computer-drawn diagram before reaching the computer-animated design.<ref name="WiredMakingof">{{cite magazine |last=Snider |first=Burr |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/toy.story.html |title=The Toy Story Story |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |pages=1–6 |date=December 1995 |access-date=March 13, 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131017031124/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/toy.story.html|archive-date=October 17, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Once the animators had a model, its articulation and motion controls were coded; this allowed each character to move in a variety of ways, such as talking, walking, or jumping.<ref name="WiredMakingof" /> Out of all of the characters, Woody was the most complex, as he required 723 motion controls, including 212 for his face and 58 for his mouth.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /><ref name="HenneMakingOf">{{cite book |last1=Henne |first1=Mark |last2=Hickel |first2=Hal |last3=Johnson |first3=Ewan |last4=Konishi |first4=Sonoks |title=COMPCON '96. Technologies for the Information Superhighway Digest of Papers |chapter=The making of Toy Story &#91;computer animation&#93; |pages=463–468 |location=Santa Clara, CA |date=February 25–28, 1996 |doi=10.1109/CMPCON.1996.501812 |chapter-url=https://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/PDFs/toy-story-story.pdf |isbn=0-8186-7414-8 |s2cid=1203344 |access-date=March 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626184848/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/PDFs/toy-story-story.pdf |archive-date=June 26, 2010}}</ref> The first piece of animation, a 30-second test, was delivered to Disney in June 1992, when the company requested a sample of what the film would look like. Lasseter wanted to impress Disney with several things in the test that could not be done in traditional, hand-drawn animation, such as Woody's yellow plaid shirt with red stripes, the reflections in Buzz's helmet and the decals on his spacesuit, or Venetian blind shadows falling across Andy's room.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=126}}

There were eight teams that were responsible for different aspects of all of the shots. The art department was responsible for determining the overall color and lighting scheme.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=134}} The layout department was responsible for determining the position of all elements of the shot, as well as programming the virtual camera's position and movements.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=134}} The animation department created the movements of the characters, generally with one animator being assigned to animate an entire shot, but occasionally with each character having its own animator.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=134}} The shading team used Pixar's [[Pixar RenderMan|RenderMan]] software to assign surface textures and reflectivity properties to objects.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=136}} The lighting team placed global, spot, and flood lighting within the scenes.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=136}} The "Render Farm" used [[Sun Microsystems]] computers, running around the clock, to produce the final frames of the film.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=137}} The camera team recorded the finished frames, which had been rendered at a resolution of 1536 by 922, onto film stock.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=137}} Finally, [[Skywalker Sound]] mixed sound effects, the musical score, and the dialogue to create the audio for the film.<ref name="HenneMakingOf" />

In order to make the film feel as realistic as possible, the layout department, led by Craig Good, avoided the sweeping camera shots popular in computer animation at the time, and instead focused on emulating what would have been possible had the film been shot in live-action with real film cameras.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=134}} The animation department, led by Rich Quade and [[Ash Brannon]], used Pixar's [[Marionette (software)|Menv]] software to hand pose the characters at [[key frame]]s based on videotape of the actors recording their lines, and let the software do the [[inbetweening]].{{sfn|Price|2008|p=135}} To sync the characters' mouths and facial expressions to the actors' recorded voices, animators spent a week per eight seconds of animation, as Lasseter felt that automatic lip syncing would not properly convey a character's emotions.<ref name=" WiredMakingof" />{{sfn|Price|2008|p=135}} The shading team, led by [[Thomas Porter (Pixar)|Tom Porter]], used scans of real objects, as well as textures drawn by artists and created with [[procedural generation]] algorithms, to "dress" the objects in the film.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=136}}

The film required 800,000 machine hours and 114,240 frames of animation in total, divided between 1,561 shots that totaled over 77 minutes.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /><ref name="WiredMakingof" /><ref name="CNN110animators" />{{sfn|Price|2008|p=134}} Pixar was able to render less than 30 seconds of the film per day.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=138}}

=== Music ===
{{Main|Toy Story (soundtrack)}}
Lasseter did not want to make ''Toy Story'' into a musical, as he felt that it would make the film feel less genuine. Whedon later agreed, saying "It would have been a really bad musical because it's a buddy movie. It's about people who won't admit what they want, much less sing about it. ... Buddy movies are about sublimating, punching an arm, 'I hate you.' It's not about open emotion."<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> However, Disney preferred to make it a musical, as they had had much success with incorporating [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]]-style musical numbers into their animated films, and encouraged Pixar to do the same.<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> As a compromise, although the characters would not sing, the movie would feature [[Diegesis#Film sound and music|non-diegetic]] songs as background music.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=128}} Despite this not happening, the first musical number is seen at the end of ''Toy Story 2'' (1999), and ''[[Toy Story: The Musical]]'' (2012) is the first version of the original to actually feature the cast of characters singing.

[[Randy Newman]] was hired, and composed three original songs for the film. It marks as Newman's first film soundtrack for an animated film. The film's signature song "[[You've Got a Friend in Me]]", was written in one day. The song "[[Hakuna Matata]]" from ''[[The Lion King]]'' is heard briefly during the climax when Woody and Buzz are trying to get into the truck while riding RC.<ref name="EWToyWonder" />
On Newman, Lasseter said, "His songs are touching, witty, and satirical, and he would deliver the emotional underpinning for every scene."<ref name="EWToyWonder" /> The soundtrack for ''Toy Story'' was produced by [[Walt Disney Records]] and was released on November 22, 1995, the week of the film's release.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=149}}

=== Editing and pre-release ===
The film's editors, including [[Lee Unkrich]], worked on ''Toy Story'' up until the September 1995 deadline to deliver a final cut for scoring and sound design.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=149}} According to Unkrich, a scene removed from the original final edit featured Sid torturing Buzz and Woody violently at his house before the scene where Sid interrogates Woody with a magnifying glass. The torture scene was removed because the crew felt that the audience would be so invested in Buzz and Woody's characters by that point that they would be uncomfortable watching them being subjected to such violence.<ref name="Deleted Scenes">{{cite AV media notes |title=Toy Story Deleted Scenes (Toy Story 10th Anniversary Edition) |last=Lasseter |first=John |publisher=Walt Disney Home Entertainment |year=2005}}</ref> Another scene, in which Woody tries to get Buzz's attention when he was stuck in the box crate while insincerely apologizing for accidentally getting him knocking out of the window, was shortened because the creators felt it would lose the energy of the film.<ref name="Deleted Scenes" /> A test screening in July 1995 received encouraging responses from the audience, but the film was not rated as highly as had been hoped, leading to another last-minute round of edits.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=149}} Eisner, who attended the screening, suggested that the final shot of the film should be of both Woody and Buzz, leading to the film's final shot of the two worried about the arrival of Andy's new puppy.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=149}}

The crew had difficulty analysing the film's quality due to footage being in scattered pieces.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=138}} Some animators felt the film would be a significant disappointment commercially but felt animators and animation fans would find it interesting.{{sfn|Price|2008|p=138}} Schneider had grown optimistic about the film as it neared completion, and he announced a United States release date of November, coinciding with Thanksgiving weekend and the start of the winter holiday season.{{sfn|Price|2008|pp=139–142}}

Sources indicate that Jobs lacked confidence in the film during its production, and had been exploring the possibility of selling Pixar to companies such as [[Hallmark Cards]] and [[Microsoft]].{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}}{{sfn|Price|2008|pp=139–142}} However, as the film progressed, Jobs, like Schneider, became increasingly passionate about the film and the transformative nature of what Pixar might be able to accomplish. Eager for Pixar to have the funds necessary to negotiate with Disney as an equal partner, and optimistic about the impact the finished film would have, Jobs decided that he would schedule an [[Initial public offering|initial public offering (IPO)]] of Pixar just a week after the film's November release.{{sfn|Isaacson|2011|p=208}}