Editing Toy (section)

===Enlightenment Era===
Toys became more widespread with changing Western attitudes towards children and childhood brought about by the [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]]. Previously, children had often been thought of as small adults, who were expected to work in order to produce the goods that the family needed to survive. As children's culture scholar Stephen Kline has argued, [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] children were "more fully integrated into the daily flux of making and consuming, of getting along. They had no autonomy, separate statuses, privileges, special rights or forms of social comportment that were entirely their own."<ref>{{cite book |author1=Klein, Stephen |author1-link=The making of children's culture |editor1-last=Jenkins |editor1-first=Henry |title=The Children's Culture Reader |date=1998 |publisher=New York University Press |pages=95–109}}</ref>

[[File:Reif Spielzeug.jpg|thumb|upright|A boy with a [[Hoop rolling|hoop]]. Hoops have long been a popular toy across a variety of cultures.]]
As these ideas began changing during the Enlightenment Era, blowing bubbles from leftover washing up soap became a popular pastime, as shown in the painting ''The Soap Bubble'' (1739) by [[Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin]], and other popular toys included [[hoop rolling|hoops]], [[toy wagon]]s, [[kite]]s, [[spinning wheel]]s and [[puppet]]s. Many [[board game]]s were produced by [[John Jefferys]] in the 1750s, including ''A Journey Through Europe''.<ref>FRB Whitehouse (Table Games of Georgian and Victorian Days, Priory House, Herfortshire, UK, 1951)</ref> The game was very similar to modern board games; players moved along a track with the throw of a [[dice|die]] (a [[teetotum]] was actually used) and landing on different spaces would either help or hinder the player.<ref name="everydaytoys">{{cite web|url=http://everydaytoys.com/collectible-toys/history-of-toys/|title=History of Toys|website=everydaytoys.com|access-date=17 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131220111708/http://everydaytoys.com/collectible-toys/history-of-toys/|archive-date=20 December 2013}}</ref>

In the nineteenth century, Western values prioritized toys with an educational purpose, such as puzzles, books, cards and board games. Religion-themed toys were also popular, including a model [[Noah's Ark]] with miniature animals and objects from other [[Bible]] scenes. With growing prosperity among the [[middle class]], children had more [[leisure]] time on their hands, which led to the application of industrial methods to the manufacture of toys.<ref name="everydaytoys" />

More complex mechanical and [[Optics|optical]]-based toys were also invented during the nineteenth century. [[Carpenter and Westley]] began to mass-produce the [[kaleidoscope]], invented by Sir [[David Brewster]] in 1817, and had sold over 200,000 items within three months in London and Paris. The company was also able to mass-produce [[magic lantern]]s for use in [[phantasmagoria]] and galanty shows, by developing a method of [[mass production]] using a copper plate printing process. Popular imagery on the lanterns included [[royal family|royalty]], [[flora]] and [[fauna]], and geographical/man-made structures from around the world.<ref name="Heard">[http://www.heard.supanet.com/html/lantern_history.html Shedding some light on the magic lantern] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221231502/http://www.heard.supanet.com/html/lantern_history.html |date=21 December 2013 }}.  Mervyn Heard. Retrieved 1 August 2011.</ref> The modern [[zoetrope]] was invented in 1833 by British mathematician [[William George Horner]] and was popularized in the 1860s.<ref>Bordwell, David and Kristin Thompson, ''Film History: An Introduction'', 3rd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010), 4. {{ISBN|978-0-07-338613-3}}</ref> Wood and [[porcelain]] [[doll]]s in miniature [[doll house]]s were popular with middle-class girls, while boys played with marbles and toy trains.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}