Editing Tourmaline (section)

=== Schorl ===
[[File:Fluorite-Foitite-Schorl-k-117a.jpg|thumb|left|A single stark green fluorite isolated on top of schorl crystals]]
[[File:Tourmaline noire ou Schorl.jpg|thumb|upright|Schorl, magnified 10×]]

The most common species of tourmaline is {{em|schorl}}, the sodium iron (divalent) endmember of the group. It may account for 95% or more of all tourmaline in nature. The early history of the mineral schorl shows that the name "schorl" was in use prior to 1400 because a village known today as [[Zschorlau]] (in [[Saxony]], Germany) was then named "Schorl" (or minor variants of this name), and the village had a nearby [[tin]] mine where, in addition to [[cassiterite]], black tourmaline was found. The first description of schorl with the name "schürl" and its occurrence (various tin mines in the [[Ore Mountains]]) was written by [[Johannes Mathesius]] (1504–1565) in 1562 under the title "Sarepta oder Bergpostill".<ref name="Ertl 2006">Ertl, 2006.</ref> Up to about 1600, additional names used in the [[German language]] were "Schurel", "Schörle", and "Schurl". Beginning in the 18th century, the name ''Schörl'' was mainly used in the German-speaking area. In English, the names ''shorl'' and ''shirl'' were used in the 18th century. In the 19th century the names ''common schorl'', ''schörl'', ''schorl'' and ''iron tourmaline'' were the English words used for this mineral.<ref name="Ertl 2006" />