Editing Toul (section)

==History==
Toul was known to the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] as {{lang|la|Tullum Leucorum}}, and was the capital of the [[Gaul|Gaulish]] tribe of the [[Leuci]].

In 550, King [[Theudebald]] convoked a [[Council of Toul|synod at Toul]]. In 612, King [[Theudebert II]] of [[Austrasia]] was defeated by King [[Theuderic II]] of Burgundy near Toul. By the [[Treaty of Meerssen]] of 870, Toul became part of [[East Francia]], the later Holy Roman Empire. During the High Middle Ages, it became a [[Free Imperial City]]. Toul was annexed to France by King [[Henry II of France|Henry II]] in 1552; this was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the [[Peace of Westphalia]] of 1648. It then was a part of the French province of the [[Three Bishoprics]].

Toul was the seat of the [[bishop of Toul|bishops of Toul]]; the diocese was founded around 365 and existed until 1807.

During the [[siege of Toul|siege]] of 1870 during the [[Franco-Prussian War]], the last time that Toul's defenses were used as a classic fortress, 64 guns opened fire at 6:00&nbsp;a.m. on 23 September, and the fortress surrendered at 3:00&nbsp;p.m. after 2,433 shells had been fired.

The city was also the primary base of the [[Air Service, United States Army]], a predecessor organization of the [[United States Air Force]] during [[World War I]]. As such, it was a base for many of the 45 wartime squadrons of the [[First Army Air Service]], including the squadrons of the [[1st Pursuit Group]], [[First Army Observation Group]] and others. The Americans referred to the area around Toul as the Toul Sector. Two large operations were launched from this area: the [[St. Mihiel Offensive]] and the [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]], both in September 1918. During [[World War II]], the American [[358th Fighter Group]] used [[Toul-Croix De Metz Airfield]] (A-90) during the fall of 1944 and spring of 1945, and [[Toul-Rosières Air Base]] (BA 136) was an American [[NATO]] air base during the 1950s and 1960s.