Editing Total Football (section)

=== Totaalvoetbal schools ===
{{See also|History of AFC Ajax#Gloria Ajax: European dominance and treble|l1=Gloria Ajax (AFC Ajax)|History of the Netherlands national football team#Total Football in the 1970s|l2=The Clockwork Orange (Netherlands national football team)}}

{{multiple image
| align = right
| total_width = 400
| image1 = Ajax tegen Independiente 3-0, tweede wedstrijd voor wereldbeker, Piet Keizer (nu, Bestanddeelnr 925-9140.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Finale wereldkampioenschap voetbal 1974 in Munchen, West Duitsland tegen Nederla, Bestanddeelnr 927-3110.jpg
| caption2 =
| footer = Two Dutch exponents of total football in early 1970s, with Johan Cruyff being a keyplayer for both teams: AFC Ajax celebrating the Intercontinental Cup in 1972 (left); the Netherlands national team before playing Germany at the 1974 World Cup (right)
}}
Rinus Michels, who played under Reynolds, later became manager of Ajax in 1965. Michels developed the tactics of Total Football after 1970, most importantly with the introduction of [[Forward (association football)|forward]] Johan Cruyff, perhaps the system's most famous exponent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/coaches/coach=33960/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080304020009/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/coaches/coach=33960/index.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2008|title=Classic Coach: Rinus Michels|work=Classic Football|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|access-date=13 June 2008}}</ref> Although Cruyff was fielded as centre forward, Michels encouraged Cruyff to roam freely around the pitch, using technical ability and intelligence to exploit the weaknesses in the opposition and create chances. Cruyff's teammates also worked to adapt themselves accordingly, regularly switching positions to ensure tactical roles in the team were consistently filled.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150930160041/http://www.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people=1043/profile.html 'FIFA Classic Player: The Netherlands' Grand Master]. FIFA.com. Retrieved 14 July 2014</ref> Austrian coach [[Ernst Happel]] reworked the theory to introduce strength, encouraging his players to play tougher during his spells at [[ADO Den Haag]] and [[Feyenoord]]. Happel also managed the Netherlands national team to a runner-up finish in the [[1978 FIFA World Cup]].

The major component was the use of space, with the need to consistently create space central to the concept of Total Football. Former Ajax defender [[Barry Hulshoff]] described it as "[the thing] we discussed the whole time. Cruyff always talked about where to run and where to stand, and when not to move".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/football/features/newsid_3301000/3301407.stm|title=Johan Cruyff: The Total Footballer|work=Sport Academy|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=13 June 2008 | date=10 December 2003}}</ref> He further elaborated that position switching was only made possible due to apt spatial awareness.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/UK/japan-sport-footballculture-teams-ground-ajax.htm|title=Ground Breaking Team: Ajax 1973|work=Football Culture|publisher=The British Council in Japan|access-date=13 June 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217125531/http://www.britishcouncil.org/UK/japan-sport-footballculture-teams-ground-ajax.htm|archive-date=17 December 2007}}</ref> He also described Total Football being [[Proactivity|proactive]], as well as highlighting the use of pressing, which would be used to win back the ball or put the opposition under considerable pressure.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sport.scotsman.com/south-africa-world-cup-2010/World-Cup-2010-Dutch-were.6413230.jp|title=World Cup 2010: Dutch were pioneers of Total Football, but after exporting it to Spain must now stop opponents at their own game|last=Wilson|first=Jonathan|author-link=Jonathan Wilson (journalist/author)|date=11 July 2010|access-date=24 July 2010|work=[[The Scotsman]]}}</ref> Michels and Cruyff saw unprecedented success with the system, winning eight [[Eredivisie]] titles, three [[UEFA Champions League|European Cups]], and one [[1972 Intercontinental Cup|Intercontinental Cup]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2005/m=12/news=are-the-champions-101662.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208150054/http://www.fifa.com/clubworldcup/news/y=2005/m=12/news=are-the-champions-101662.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 December 2015 |title=We are the champions |publisher=FIFA.com |date=11 December 2005 |access-date=24 March 2016}}</ref> The stark rise of Total Football and its attacking prowess was also linked with the "death of ''[[Catenaccio]]''", an Italian system reliant heavily on defence promoted by [[Helenio Herrera]]'s [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] during the 1960s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europeancuphistory.com/euro72.html|title=Season 1971-72|publisher=European Cup History|access-date=13 June 2008}}</ref>

The Total Football system was prone to defeat, experienced notably in the final of the [[1974 FIFA World Cup]] contested by the Dutch and [[Germany national football team|West Germany]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=39/overview.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911111241/http://fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=39/overview.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 September 2007|title=1974 FIFA World Cup Germany: Dutch take plaudits but Germany take the prize|work=Previous FIFA World Cups|publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association|access-date=13 June 2008}}</ref> Michels and Cruyff saw their ability to introduce playmaking stifled in the second half of the match by the effective marking of [[Berti Vogts]]. This allowed [[Franz Beckenbauer]], [[Uli Hoeneß]], and [[Wolfgang Overath]] to gain a stronghold in midfield, thus, enabling West Germany to win 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,1486199,00.html|title=World Cup Final, 1974: West Germany vs. The Netherlands|work=The Making of a World Cup Legend|publisher=Deutsche Welle|access-date=13 June 2008}}</ref>